In Russian legislation there is a fairly clear definition explaining what education is. It should be understood as a purposeful process of training and education in human, public and state interests. It is noteworthy that the Fa puts the development of the individual in the first place.
The concept of the learning process
The Russian Pedagogical Encyclopedia also explains what education is. Here the concept is somewhat broader. Education is a process of socialization, pedagogically organized and carried out in the personal and public interests.
Types of training
First of all, vocational and general education are separated. In the latter case, it is supposed to obtain uniform knowledge, regardless of the future specialization of a person. What is vocational education in this case? It is understood as a learning process, oriented in its content to the needs and conditions of a particular specialization. Of course, this process includeseducational element. A student in a specialized institution, along with a professional education, also receives a basic general education. Even in the curriculum of the university there are some basic, general disciplines. These include, for example, philosophy, psychology, pedagogy, law, economics, and others. The Law gives the concept of specialized and general training programs. They, along with educational standards, the system of institutions that implement them, and the governing bodies, constitute the entire educational network in Russia.
Levels of the learning process
What is education in modern Russia? It should be said that the education system has undergone significant changes throughout its existence. Today in Russia, general education is divided into preschool, primary, general basic, and complete secondary. Along with this, in parallel, there are specialized forms of education. Understanding the difference between levels of learning can be done by looking at some definitions. For example, what is preschool education? This is an activity whose subject area is the development, training, education of young children. What is secondary education? This is a process of obtaining general knowledge aimed at the comprehensive development of children. This stage is between the initial and the highest level of knowledge. Those who have received secondary general or vocational education have access to the next level. After graduating from a school, technical school or college, a person enters a university. This can be followed by postgraduate education (doctoral studies).or graduate school). There are also optional forms of knowledge acquisition. What is additional education is easy to understand. Optional forms include various optional subjects, hobby groups, courses for adults that provide advanced training. Returning to the question of what secondary education is, it should be noted that it is this stage that is considered by many teachers to be the foundation that allows the student to develop his abilities in accordance with interests, while gaining basic knowledge.
Types of pedagogical institutions in Russia
Many experts believe that the kind of education that citizens receive in our country contributes to the most comprehensive development of the individual. There are various institutions to ensure the highest quality teaching process. Children of early age receive primary education in preschool educational institutions. These include nurseries and kindergartens. However, it should be noted that, due to the fact that they are not able to cover all children today, the main responsibility for ensuring the initial education of the child falls on the family. School is the next step. This institution provides primary general, basic or complete education for children. The name "school" should also be understood as progymnasiums, gymnasiums, lyceums and others. Some institutions practice in-depth study of individual subjects. In Russia, there are also institutions for the education of children, whose opportunities are limited.
Specialized, higher education institutions
In Russia there are vocational institutions, schools. The educational process in institutions is aimed at obtaining the student's initial general knowledge in certain speci alties. Citizens receive secondary vocational education in colleges and other similar institutions. Universities offer day and evening education. In these institutions, students receive higher education in accordance with the chosen specialization. There are also educational institutions for additional education of children and adults.
Forms of the pedagogical process
Citizens receive education, both higher and secondary, mainly in daytime classes. Along with this, there is also an evening form of education. Externat is considered relatively new. This form of education involves the independent study of certain subjects, followed by examinations. Today, unlike in previous years, access to external studies has been significantly expanded. Part-time education is very popular. It is noteworthy that every year the number of part-time students is increasing. This indicates the interest of citizens in obtaining higher education. Interest is shown not only by school graduates, but also by the working part of the youth. At the same time, many seek to get a second higher education. Distance learning is also gaining popularity. To obtain knowledge in this way, computer technologies, satellite television, and the Internet are used. The spread of distance learning is mainly due to the computerization of pedagogical institutions.
Compulsory, variability of the learning process
Under the variability of education should be understood the ability of the learning process to meet the capabilities and abilities of different groups of students and the personal characteristics of each. For the Russian pedagogical system, this trend is considered one of the main ones. Another direction, being the opposite, but at the same time inextricably linked with the first, is the standardization of the pedagogical process. Within the framework of this topic, the learning process in state and non-state educational institutions is considered. Speaking of this, it is necessary to define what a municipality is. This definition should be understood as a free form of education in public educational institutions.
Problems of Pedagogy
There is a single state standard - the level of necessary knowledge that a student should receive in the process. Recently, it has often been said that the Russian education system is experiencing serious problems. This is explained by the influence of the demographic reforms carried out in the country. However, these assertions are without foundation. According to statistics, in recent years the level of education has not only not decreased, but, on the contrary, has increased. This suggests that such a municipality that exists in Russia is a well-organized pedagogical system. Of course, some schoolsreplaced others, and this process continues to this day. For example, with the development of industry, more skilled workers are required. In this regard, secondary and higher specialized education is becoming more and more popular today.
