General is called education, confirmed by an educational institution with the issuance of an official document, a certificate after graduation. The educational process consists in obtaining basic knowledge in various disciplines for the formation of a broad outlook, moral and ethical aspects and the choice of a future profession. Basic education is free, except in private schools, public and compulsory.
Russian education system
Modern institutions, based on the legislation of the country, have several levels. The Ministry of Education and Science divides them into high school, colleges and institutions of higher education. Pre-school education in Russia is not compulsory, although many families enroll their children in public or private kindergartens.
Basic general secondary education starts atreaching the age of 6 and continuing for 11 years, after which students can stay in an academic school, complete vocational training or go looking for a job after receiving a diploma. After passing the Unified State Examination, having received results on a 100-point scale, future students select universities for their speci alty. It includes bachelor's, master's and doctoral degrees. Applicants pass entrance exams, the results of which decide admission to state-funded places or a paid basis.
Types of schools
Education in Russia is free of charge, but the basic education system provides an opportunity to choose between two types of educational institutions: public and private.
The first ones are in demand in 98% of cases; in choosing parents, they rely on accessibility, personal experience and geographical location. The school offers a simple state program that covers all the necessary subjects for further education. Time for disciplines is distributed equally.
Specialized educational institutions, such as lyceums, gymnasiums or schools with a profile study of specific subjects - humanitarian, physical and mathematical, historical or linguistic, provide services on a paid basis. With extra hours devoted to in-depth study of core subjects, students receive more complete knowledge in several areas compared to public school.
Training period
Basic programseducation provides training in general subjects, focused on ethical and moral aspects, the study of the country's culture, global culture - they lay the foundation for future specialists and broaden their horizons. Education takes place in special classes, divided by age categories.
- Preschool education. Children from 2 months to 7 years old can attend institutions.
- Elementary school. The first stage of training. Applicants must be 6 years of age or older.
- High school. Pupils from 11 to 15 years old. The period of study is extended upon admission to grade 10 until the age of majority.
After graduation, as adults, former students can enroll in a higher education institution or find a job.
Preschool education
The workload of parents or the usual desire to socialize a child in the outside world pushes to consider the prospect of enrolling in kindergartens. Attendance is not mandatory, but it has a positive effect on the activity, communicative, creative and sports skills of children. Kindergartens have a certain number of places, and stay is divided depending on the type of institution.
Many preschools charge admission fees. In state institutions, it is rather symbolic, and in private institutions it can be a large amount. By law, fees for private kindergartens are capped at 20% of operating costs. Some areas are overcrowdedpublic kindergartens as demand exceeds supply.
Primary school
The first stage of training lasts four classes, covering a broad program, general subjects, familiarity with Russian and foreign languages, keeping copybooks, teaching ethics and active physical education. Basic education is compulsory schooling for 11 years.
Government institutions design the curriculum based on established standards. Schools with in-depth study of subjects or private institutions may deviate from the program by adding additional disciplines. So, by developing skills, students get acquainted with the intricacies of a certain area from childhood.
High School
Getting a high school diploma will require two steps. The first consists of compulsory education for five years. School subjects are implemented In school education, the basic list of subjects is standard. It includes the study of mathematics, chemistry, physics, biology, history, Russian language and literature, foreign language, drawing, music, geography, culture. Upon graduation, students are offered to attend the institution further or go to college on a competitive basis. At the end of the last year, students take exams.
Students who have moved into the 10th grade are preparing to enter the university for the next two years.
Basic education is not only public schools, but also specialized gymnasiums and lyceums. They arefunded by the government or are private. Institutions offer a more advanced curriculum. The standard lesson duration is doubled.
Grading system
Children must take a diary with them, where the student's academic achievements are entered, homework is recorded, as well as teachers' comments about violations of discipline. Completed work is evaluated on a scale from 2 to 5 points, where the last is the highest mark.
School: role in the future development of personality
Basic education is the means by which the goals and social norms of a group of people are transmitted between generations. Teachers do not just teach information, but arouse interest in a certain area, pay attention to the characteristics of children, and be patient with failures. Mistakes are an integral part of the educational process, as they help build perceptions of difficulties and stimulate them to work on them.
With a wide range of disciplines, modern learning is focused on identifying individual skills, creating a comfortable atmosphere in the classroom, building communication skills and respect. Psychologists say that basic education is a way to competently approach the education of perseverance in children, the ability to listen, to perceive a large amount of information, as well as to be cunning, seek compromises and act according to the situation. These skills are necessary for widespread use in life.
