Every people or nation, country or locality has its own cultural history. A large segment of cultural traditions and monuments is literature - the art of the word. It is in it that the life and life characteristics of any people are reflected, by which one can understand how these people lived in past centuries and even millennia. Therefore, probably, scientists consider literature the most important monument of history and culture.
History of Russian Literature
Not an exception, but rather a confirmation of the above - the Russian people. The history of Russian literature has a long history. More than a thousand years have passed since the appearance of writing in Russia. Researchers and scientists from many countries are studying it as a phenomenon and the clearest example of verbal creativity - folk and author's. Some foreigners even specifically study Russian, which is not considered the easiest language in the world!
Periodization
Traditionally, the history of Russian literature is divided into severalmain periods. Some of them are quite lengthy. Some are more concise. Let's take a closer look at them.
Pre-literary period
Before the adoption of Christianity (Olga in 957, Vladimir in 988), there was no written language in Russia. As a rule, if necessary, Greek, Latin, Hebrew were used. More precisely, it had its own, even in pagan times, but in the form of dashes or notches on wooden tags or sticks (it was called: features, cuts), but no literary monuments were preserved on it. Works (tales, songs, epics - mostly) were transmitted orally.
Old Russian
This period was from the 11th to the 17th century - quite a long time. The history of Russian literature of this period includes religious and secular (historical) texts of Kievan, and then Muscovite Rus. Vivid examples of literary creativity: "The Life of Boris and Gleb", "The Tale of Bygone Years" (11-12 centuries), "The Tale of Igor's Campaign", "The Tale of the Mamaev Battle", "Zadonshchina" - describing the period of the yoke, and many others.
18th century
Historians call this period “Russian enlightenment”. The basis of classical poetry and prose is laid by such great creators and educators as Lomonosov, Fonvizin, Derzhavin and Karamzin. As a rule, their work is multifaceted, and is not limited to one literature, but extends to science and other forms of art. The literary language of this period is a little difficult to understand, as it uses obsolete forms of address. But that doesn't stopperceive the images and thoughts of the great educators of their time. So Lomonosov constantly sought to reform the language of literature, make it the language of philosophy and science, advocated the convergence of literary and folk language forms.
History of Russian literature of the 19th century
This period in Russian literature is the “golden age”. At this time, literature, history, the Russian language enter the world arena. All this happened thanks to the reforming genius of Pushkin, who actually introduced the Russian language as we are accustomed to perceive it into literary use. Griboyedov and Lermontov, Gogol and Turgenev, Tolstoy and Chekhov, Dostoevsky and many other writers made up this golden clip. And the literary works created by them are forever included in the classics of the world art of the word.
Silver Age
This period is rather short in time - only from 1890 to 1921. But in this turbulent time of wars and revolutions, a powerful flowering of Russian poetry takes place, bold experiments in art as a whole arise. Blok and Bryusov, Gumilyov and Akhmatova, Tsvetaeva and Mayakovsky, Yesenin and Gorky, Bunin and Kuprin are the brightest representatives.
Soviet era and modern times
The collapse of the USSR, 1991 marks the end of the Soviet period. And from 1991 to the present day - the newest period, which has already given Russian literature new interesting works, but descendants will probably judge this with greater accuracy.
