Meteorological conditions of the region are determined by the length of the East European Plain and the presence of water bodies surrounded by steppe regions. These natural features played a leading role in shaping the climate of Saratov, which is characterized by temperate continental features.
Key information
Cold winter in these parts alternates with hot summer. The cold period is long, with an abundance of precipitation. The rains and snows in the area are filled with winds blowing from the Atlantic. They have a direct impact on the level of humidity and weather in Saratov. The dry season comes with the arrival of air masses from Kazakhstan and other countries of Central Asia to these places.
They also give clear, but frosty days in January and February. Due to the presence of two large reservoirs at once, the Saratov and Volgograd reservoirs, the frost-free period exceeds 160 days. The number of sunny hours per year is about 2,000.
Winter
Frosty weather in Saratov starts at the endnovember. These are the first snows. Most often it is wet or punctuated by rain. The cover lasts an average of 130 days. In the Trans-Volga regions, this period is slightly less, and in the Right Bank it is longer. The coldest month is February. The thermometer in winter fluctuates around -13 ° С.
During the thaw, the air warms up to 0 °С. During frosty hours, temperatures drop below -40 ° C. At the end of winter, frequent guests in Saratov are blizzards and snowfalls. During periods of bad weather, classes are canceled in schools and educational institutions of the city. Owners of private houses are experiencing difficulties with the supply of hot and cold water, electricity. Motorists are advised to refrain from traveling.
The number of days with precipitation exceeds 12. The number of foggy days is 6. The climate zone of Saratov is characterized by snowstorms that occur five times a month.
Spring
In March, there is a gradual thawing of the soil. The snow becomes loose and wet. Skids are recorded on the roads of the city. The bad weather lasts no more than seven days. On the federal highways of the region, restrictions are introduced on the movement of trucks and trucks. Blame it all - the changeable climate of Saratov. As soon as the average daily indicator reaches 0 ° C, the passage will be open. This usually happens in early April.
The heat is picking up speed fast. Every day brings change. The gusts of wind subside. But the frosts will remind of themselves for a long time. A sharp decrease in air temperature is observed until mid-May.
According to climate descriptionthe city of Saratov, in April, the thermometer stays at 10 ° C. The buds on the trees swell. Very soon, the first green growth will hatch from them. Grass has already appeared on lawns and city lawns. It looks like the height of spring in the area. The heat will come at the end of May.
The average air temperature in March does not exceed 3 °С, in April 8 °С, in May 15 °С. Rainfall varies from 25 to 39 millimeters.
Summer
In June, heat comes into its own in the region. The days are getting hot. The arid climate of Saratov leads to forest and steppe fires. The average daytime air temperature from July to mid-August is 35 °C. Nighttime figures are slightly lower. After sunset, the thermometer drops to 20 °C.
Heat is accompanied by dry winds. Most often they happen on the Left Bank of the municipality. On the Right, more comfortable weather prevails. The long-awaited coolness comes in the region in mid-August. The average daily temperature these days is 15°C. Withered leaves fall from the branches, dried during the July heat. Increasingly, the sky is covered with cumulus clouds. There is fog in the morning. It starts to drizzle.
The climatic length of summer exceeds four months. This time of the year in Saratov is conditionally divided into three stages. May - "preliminary", July - "high", early September - "recession". The average daily air temperature in June is 20°С, in July 22°С, in August 20°С.
Autumn
In September, the first frosty nights happen in Saratov. The wind blows more insistently, removing the last foliage. Autumn in these parts is short. It ends in the second half of November, giving way to winter. The off-season in the region lasts just a few weeks. At this time, the climate of Saratov is not stable.
The “frost-free” period in the region ends with the arrival of the first significant cooling, when the thermometer drops below 0 °C. The average air temperature in September is 14°С, in October 6°С, in November 1°С. Rainfall - 22mm.
During heavy rains, surface soils are washed away, which leads to a decrease in the thickness of the fertile layer. As a result, ravines and ruts are formed.
Meteorological indicators
The cloudiest month in Saratov is November. The sky is clear most often in May, July, August and September. The number of overcast days in January and December reaches 20. Heavy rains come in June. The maximum sunshine occurs in July.
The windiest month is January. The speed of movement of air masses reaches 60 kilometers per hour. Climatic summer is a relatively calm period. During the high season, gusts do not exceed 28 km/h.
Geographic location
Saratov is located in the southeastern part of the country. It is included in the list of major economic and cultural centers of Russia. The city occupies the right bank of the Volgograd reservoir. The nearest neighbors are Samara and Volgograd. It is separated from Moscow by 860 kilometers. The number of inhabitants exceeds840,000 people. Geographic coordinates of Saratov: 51°34'43″N, 46°47'50″E.
The center and southern quarters of the municipality are located in a hollow, which is surrounded by hills. In the west, the settlement is closed by forest tracts. The territory of the modern city is dotted with beams. Saratov is surrounded by rivers on all sides. Chernozem is the most common type of soil. Oil and gas fields are located in the vicinity of the city.
Ecology
Since groundwater runs under the central districts of the municipality, the asph alt in this part of the settlement is often deformed. There are many industrial enterprises operating in Saratov. Their activities have a negative impact on the environment. Toxic emissions pollute the aquatic environment and air. Their annual volume has approached the value of 300,000 tons. The lion's share of harmful substances is produced by transport.
There is a military training ground in the vicinity of the city. It stores and stores radioactive waste, and disposes of missiles. This facility exacerbates an already difficult environmental situation. The most polluted areas of Saratov are Frunzensky and Zavodskoy.
The first is a scientific and industrial center. The second is replete with industrial zones, next to which 16 residential microdistricts have been built.
Resources
The hydrographic map of the region includes the Chernikha, Elshanka, Petrovka, Guselki and Kurdyum rivers. The streams Beloglinsky, Dudakovskiy, Zaletaevskiy, Secha, Tokmakovskiy and about ten more tributaries are marked in it. Themthe natural flow today is slowed down by dams and engineering structures erected in the channels of reservoirs.
Many of them fill with sewage. The shores are covered with spontaneous dumps of household and construction waste. As a result, the swamp area is increasing every year. Groundwater contains aluminum, as well as manganese, copper, lead, fluorine, silicon and arsenic.
Soil
The intervention of industrial activity in the landscape cover of the city has led to changes in weather and environmental conditions. Today, the climate of Saratov is recognized as unfavorable for the he alth of children. A high content of heavy metals and phenols was revealed in the soil. They have a negative impact on the biological processes occurring in the inner layers of the soil.
Green Belt
There are 270 hectares of forest on the territory of the municipality. The maximum number of squares and parks falls on the Volzhsky district. In it, the number of plantings per inhabitant is almost 16 square meters. In Frunzensky, only 0.3. The norm is 28 m². In Saratov, there is an acute shortage of gardens and recreational areas intended for recreation.
Atmosphere
Dry air, which has been prevailing in the region for six months, is saturated with waste from chemical, electric power, petrochemical enterprises. The state of the atmospheric basin is recognized as critical and requires urgent intervention.
