Alloy metals matter in today's industry. Let's analyze some of them, highlight their distinctive and similar characteristics.
Examples of alloying metals
Titanium is an element widely distributed in nature. There are about 60 titanium minerals of industrial importance, but the leadership belongs to ilmenite and rutile.
Rutile contains about 60 percent titanium. The density of the mineral is 4, 3, the hardness is 6. It owes its name to the Ilmensky mountains, where it was first discovered. Today, this mineral is presented as the main source of titanium.
Titan characteristic
In the middle of the last century, the unique characteristics of this element were discovered. It has a high melting point at a low density. All alloying metals, including titanium, have high strength and corrosion resistance. It is the mechanical and chemical characteristics of titanium that made it in demand in the rocket, aircraft, and aviation industries.
Today, dozens of different grades of strong, heat-resistant, corrosion-resistant titanium alloys with chromium, silicon, aluminum, manganese, copper,iron.
Features of materials
Noting the question of what alloying metals are, we note that we are talking about those additives that positively affect the technical and operational characteristics of the resulting alloys.
Titanium alloys have shown their resistance to sea water, air, and aggressive environments. Minimal corrosion has made titanium one of the most sought-after additives in the creation of alloys.
Spread in nature
Highly alloying metals in nature are in the form of ores. For example, the Malkin iron ores (Northern Caucasus) contain a sufficient amount of titanium. It is also found in the bas altic rocks of Karachay. Titanium-magnesite ore is considered promising in Armenia.
Characterization of vanadium
When listing alloying metals, vanadium must also be mentioned. In the earth's crust, it is found in rocks, as well as in ores in a scattered form. For isolation on an industrial scale, minerals such as carnotite, patronite, vanadinite are used. Pure vanadium is gray in color and has a metallic sheen.
Vanadium is used in the metallurgical industry, it is used to produce high-quality steels. Materials obtained with the addition of vanadium have enhanced mechanical properties.
Such alloying metals are needed to obtain materials in metallurgy, automotive industry. Vanadium oxides are used in the chemical industry as a catalyst, they are in demand in photography, painting, dyeingproduction.
What other alloying metals can be used? The list includes tantalum, chromium, niobium, titanium, vanadium. They are needed to obtain corrosion-resistant and heat-resistant alloys used in various fields of technology.
In its pure form, vanadium is used in the nuclear power industry for the production of electronic devices.
Nickel characteristic
Answering the question of what metals are alloying for aluminum alloys, let's select nickel. This silvery white metal enhances mechanical resistance and magnetic properties. This is relevant for jet technology and in the production of gas turbine plants. Nickel-chromium alloys are characterized by increased heat-resistant and heat-resistant characteristics, therefore they are in demand in nuclear reactors, anti-corrosion coatings, and the creation of alkaline batteries.
The chemical industry creates chemical equipment from alloys with the addition of this metal, and uses them as catalysts.
Nickel ores are found on the territory of Armenia, Georgia, in the North Caucasus.
Characterization of cob alt
In the earth's crust, its content does not exceed 0.004 percent. Of the minerals that are in demand in industry, we note: asbolan, cob altite, linneite, sm altin.
Cob alt is used for the manufacture of alloys with high magnetic induction, the creation of heat-resistant and heat-resistant steels. In the ceramic, glass industry, high-quality mineral pigment is created from cob alt compoundsblue.
A cob alt deposit has been discovered in Azerbaijan, it is here that it is mined on an industrial scale.
Characteristic of molybdenum
This metal has physical properties that make it similar to lead. For industrial production, molybdenite is used, containing about 70 percent of the metal. In industry, it began to be used in the thirties of the last century to create special alloys. The addition of molybdenum significantly increases the strength and ductility of steel.
It is necessary for aviation, mechanical engineering. Its hard alloys with chromium, vanadium, nickel, tungsten are used for the manufacture of acid-resistant and tool steels. In its pure form, molybdenum is necessary to create the filaments of electric stoves, as well as in radio and electrical engineering. Its oxide exhibits catalytic properties in oil refining, is in demand in the creation of paints, chemical reagents.
Conclusion
Various alloying metals currently used in the manufacture of steels, allow you to give alloys certain characteristics. Depending on what requirements are imposed on the produced steels, certain metal additives are supposed to be used. For example, the addition of tungsten makes it possible to obtain heat-resistant steels that the space industry needs.
