The history of the development of peoples, nations and civilizations proves that overcoming the complexity of the world and its development is carried out based on spirituality and faith. It is advisable to pay attention to the fact that at the present stage of development of society among scientists there is an ambiguous attitude towards the educational ideal and the content of the spiritual and moral topic. The spiritual and moral education of schoolchildren should form the personality of the child on the principles of Christian morality, instill in the younger generation a deep love for their people, their culture, devotion to the Motherland, contribute to the formation of high professionalism of the individual and thereby fill the modern ideal of education with a highly spiritual meaning.
School practice of education proves that no pedagogical systems, no program teaching of morality can replace the personal influence of a person on a person, the influence of a teacher on a student. The fate of the future of a nation is always determined by the importance of the intelligentsia, which holds in its hands the development of education, science and culture.
Educatenot knowledge, but people
Teachers, as some of the representatives of the elite layer of society, next to scientists, doctors, artists, can contribute to the flourishing of the nation and enrich the spiritual and moral education of schoolchildren. GEF (federal state educational standard) of the second generation should accelerate these processes.
As a rule, they bring up not knowledge, but people who carry this knowledge. A teacher, as a spiritual mentor, can raise a highly spiritual person only if, firstly, his social status changes in the state (society must understand the exceptional significance of the teacher's professional mission - the construction of a cathedral of a child's soul); secondly, the process of purposeful, systematic, systematic self-improvement will become a necessary, vital condition for the existence of a teacher, this will contribute to the disclosure of his spiritual and moral potential as a person, as a citizen and as a professional.
Religiosity and patriotism are the main sources of education
In the last decade, more and more political and cultural figures, teachers, parents, conducting spiritual and moral education of older students, turn to Christian moral values as the most stable, universal, not subject to political and ideological conjuncture.
The transitional period that society is going through today, deep and systemic reforms in domestic education is a challenge for secular and spiritual educators to findnew concepts, ways and approaches, methods and means in solving complex problems of building a highly spiritual civil society. Therefore, the formation of the spiritual world of children and young students, spirituality as the leading quality of the individual is a big and difficult task, which is in the center of attention of the general pedagogical community.
Progressive educators are increasingly putting the spiritual and moral education of schoolchildren in the first place in education. Events held with the aim of raising religiosity and patriotism among children have been the main sources of spiritual education since the time of Kievan Rus. Serving God and Fatherland are two absolute values of the Slavic people.
Spiritual and moral paradigm
The gradual growth of theoretical knowledge during the second half of the 20th century can be seen in the examples of changing paradigms and concepts of education, training, and upbringing. A paradigm is a model, a system of theoretical, methodological and axiological attitudes, taken as a model for solving scientific problems by members of a certain scientific society. The spiritual and moral paradigm of education determines the main source of personality development is its spirituality, which is based on the interaction of a teacher and students, based on a system of Christian values.
Goal - Service to God and Fatherland. This task in teaching was determined by the All-Russian Internet Pedagogical Council as one of the main ones. Spiritual and moral education of schoolchildren is the creation of such conditions for the child's life in which he couldreach the peaks in their development, the peaks of their spirituality and morality, intellect and sensual sphere, physical condition and creative achievements through the affirmation of Christian values in life, through familiarization with the values of culture. The spiritual and moral paradigm of education is a purposeful spiritually oriented process of the formation of a hierarchical world of values in a child, which determines the purpose and meaning of one's own existence.
The principle of building a modern educational process
Analysis of the pedagogical heritage suggests that the spiritual and moral education of schoolchildren has improved. The Federal State Educational Standard gives a clear definition of the principles of building a modern educational process based on a spiritual and moral model of education:
- national identity;
- unity of cultural, spiritual and intellectual educational environment;
- religious education;
- correlation of the overall goal with the task of developing the spirituality of the child;
- integration of mind and faith.
These principles are implemented through a system of rules of moral behavior, which allows both the student and the teacher in the process of spiritual and moral interaction to realize the vector of personal growth and feel the significance of their personality for other people.
The content of this model of education sets the goals of spiritual and moral education of schoolchildren to master absolutely eternal, Christian, national, civil, environmental,aesthetic, intellectual values of being. The mechanism of functioning of the spiritual and moral paradigm of an outstanding teacher in modern conditions of organization and functioning of the educational process is the value-semantic spiritual highly moral personality-oriented interaction of the teacher and students. These provisions require their further substantiation, which will make it possible to create a system of methods, techniques and means, types and forms of professional activity of a teacher and finally solve the problems of spiritual and moral education of schoolchildren.
The teacher as a key figure
The key figure in the modern processes of modernization of the system of national education, no doubt, is the teacher. The level of professional and personal culture of a teacher should ensure the spiritual and moral education of schoolchildren at the proper level. GEF entails new requirements for the professional and personal culture of the teacher, recommends significant changes in the methodology, content, technology of continuous pedagogical education, as well as bringing them into line with educational and cultural realities. However, the main issue still remains the professional and personal competence of the teacher regarding the quality of the organization of the educational process in a modern educational institution.
Competence
Competence is considered by pedagogical science as a concept of spiritual and moral education of schoolchildren, as well as the ability of a personteachers to act competently and effectively not only in standard conditions, but also to solve professional problems in situations requiring a creative approach.
In most countries, an indicator of the implementation of a teacher's professional mission is competence as an integral social-personal-behavioral phenomenon that combines motivational-value, cognitive and activity components. The tasks of spiritual and moral education of schoolchildren include methodological, psychological and pedagogical, special subject and methodological components. However, all of them are derivatives of his worldview competence, they determine the vector of personal growth of the teacher as a person, citizen and professional.
The set of formed key worldview competencies is represented in the life of a teacher by social, economic, multicultural, information and communication, political and legal, as well as competence in the sphere of personal life.
One of the central concepts of pedagogy is the concept of personality. The doctrine of personality is the methodological basis of any pedagogical system. A modern teacher must understand that the formation of a child's personality concerns not only the development of leading mental processes, but first of all it is the spiritual and moral education of schoolchildren. “Pictures about good and evil”, which are presented today in modern secular pedagogy, are of a relative nature; in the Christian religion, evil cannot be justified and aestheticized.
Worldview erudition
The ideological erudition of a teacher lies in the formation of a special spiritual style of professional activity, communication and relationships, and affects the spiritual and moral education of schoolchildren. The new edition of the Federal State Educational Standard gives impetus to the teacher to strive to become a highly spiritual person, to cultivate in himself a number of qualities that characterize his life position as the constant predominance of spiritual values over material ones, the desire for the best, which should be especially noticeable in his highly moral activity, focus on developing his own abilities, talent, creative forces, awareness of the criterion for choosing values - Christian morality, national culture, expansion of opportunities for comprehension of happiness.
Spiritual and moral education of schoolchildren: activities
- The formation of morality, the desire of the individual for spiritual perfection (consistent adherence to moral standards in all life situations).
- Mastering the content of the spiritual culture of the people (deep knowledge in the field of art, mythology, world and domestic literature, broad erudition, independent value judgments, competence in the field of national culture, its religious component: icon painting, temple culture, sacred music; interest to the inner world of the individual, interest in philosophical and religious teachings).
- The formation of citizenship, national identity (deep knowledge of the history and traditions of one's people, one's family, a developed sense of duty and responsibility to one's country andpeople, civil dignity, etc.).
The Path of Development of Professional Competence
The main concept of the spiritual and moral education of schoolchildren lies in the harmony of the teacher's state of mind. Harmony should be understood not as the development of all human properties to the same level, but as a kind of integrity, in which each ability takes one place or another in connection with its role in life.
The harmony of the life of a modern teacher
- Harmony in relationships with other people, with the external environment. It is achieved through the Christian understanding of love - treat your neighbor the way you would like to be treated. In the sphere of interaction between a teacher and a student, this level assumes the equality of subjects and affirms self-esteem in everyday life. The practical embodiment of it is the charitable deeds of the teacher and students.
- Harmony with one's own conscience, which ensures the inner spiritual comfort of the individual. If a teacher values his own inner harmony, he is just when he is angry; tells the truth when it is advantageous to deceive; does its job honestly when it can be done differently.
- Harmony with the Absolute of Good is to love good and resist evil. Kindness, humanity, faith, hope, love, empathy, mercy and optimism dominate in the professional activity of such a teacher.
Principles of Spiritual Education
The experience of Christian Orthodox upbringing shows that it is impossible to organize a person's spiritual life through the development of his psychophysiological functions. It is impossible to come to spiritual growth through the development of only the intellect, only freedom or feelings, although the spiritual life is mediated by the development of these components.
A person by nature has a tendency to build up his own spiritual field, regardless of what eyes he looks at the world with - the eyes of a Christian or a materialist. An essential feature of spirituality is that it always has a certain focus - focus on the ideal, which is based on faith in it.
Faith is a natural need of the human soul, which is a source of positive motivation for human behavior; it is the basis of the process of education, the foundation of the individual's convictions. The main question is what a child can and should believe in, where to look for spiritual support. The integrity of educational activity is based on the interaction of faith and values, the unity of which is convincingly shown by the practice of public education. Values are assigned by a person primarily through faith, because it belongs to the instrument of spiritual knowledge.
Value systems
Educating the spirituality of schoolchildren within the framework of a secular approach requires the formation of a value system as the basis of the meaning of human life, striving for the eternal ideals of Goodness, Truth and Beauty. If a society consists of people experiencing the harmony of the soul, then it itself becomes balanced,harmonious, because as a whole the moral state of society is determined by the moral state of its members.
Only through self-knowledge, the teacher realizes his own significance and through self-improvement reaches the heights of human dignity, spiritual renewal, comes to true faith and active life.
You should always remember the teachings of John Chrysostom: "Your children will always live in abundance when they receive from you a good upbringing that can streamline their morals and behavior. Therefore, do not try to make them rich, but take care to raise them pious masters of their passions, rich in virtues."
