The verb changes depending on the tense in which it is used. Verb tenses in English, as in Russian, are divided into three main categories - past, present and future. They also have such a construction as the future tense in the past, which is used to convey an action that takes place between a certain point in the past and reality, or to describe an intention in the past, supposed to be committed in the future - without indicating whether it happened by the real moment or not.
Also, these tenses of verbs in English are often translated as awareness of the possibility or expression of the desire for something - /I would … /. That is, such an action should take place / should take place / should take place at the same time, but for some reason it did not take place / does not take place / will not take place.
Times
Verb tenses in English consist of four groups - Indefinite, Continuous,Perfect and Perfect Continuous, for each of which the past, present, future and future are built in the past. In total, 16 possible temporary structures are obtained, each of which has its own use cases (and for some, more than one). In order to designate the tense forms of the English verb, we will briefly consider the scope of these constructions.
Active and passive voice
If the action is performed by the object, the verb is in the active voice and changes according to the tense. In the passive voice, the action is performed on the object, and therefore the principles of the formation of the predicate are different. The diagrams below show how the aspect tense form of a verb in the active voice is formed in English. In the passive voice, the predicate is formed /to be/ in the appropriate form and with the past participle.
Verbs in the past (Past)
Past Indefinite (past ordinary) is used to express an ordinary action, without indicating its duration or completion. The scheme of its formation is as follows: the infinitive of the regular verb with the ending /-ed/ or the II tense form of the verb in English, which is formed incorrectly. Past Continuous (past continuous) is used to indicate something that lasted in the past. The verb in this tense is formed by the service part /to be/ in Past Indef. and present participle (Partic. I).
Past Perfect (past completed, Past Perf.)indicates that an action that took place some time ago has been completed. The formation scheme of this verb looks like /have (Past Indef.)/ in combination with the past participle (Partic. II).
Past Perfect Continuous (past lasting completed, Past Perf. Contin.) is used to describe an act that lasted sometime earlier and then was completed. It can have a semantic emphasis either on the fact that the action was completed by a certain moment, or on the period of its completion, or on the fact that this action no longer occurs. This verb is formed from the official /be/ in the Past Perf form. and present participles (Partic. I).
Present Tense Verbs (Pres.)
Present Indefinite (real ordinary, Pres. Indef.) indicates that the action is taking place without indicating its duration or completion (or the hypothetical possibility of completion). That is, it is an act that has no attributes. Often this time indicates regular actions or general patterns. The scheme of formation is that the infinitive /to/ is not substituted. The aspect tense form of the verb in English in the 3rd person singular. h. is supplemented with the ending /-s/-es/.
Present Continuous (present lasting, Pres. Contin.) conveys a continuous action that has not come to an end, namely, it considers the process of committing itself. In cases of using this construction, you can often see actions taking place regularly, which are not necessarily performed right now. This form of the verb consists of /to be (Pres. Indef.)/ and Participle I.
PresentPerfect (real completed, Pres. Perf.) considers a completed action that has a result to the current moment. It is used in the sense of an experience that is not yet realized / not fully realized by those who pronounce it as a past event. To form this form, the service verb /have/ must be put in Pres. Indef. and Partic. II.
Present Perfect Continuous (present lasting completed, Pres. Perf. Contin.) considers an action that indicates directly that the activity began at some previous moment and lasts until now, or at that that activity is taking place now and will continue until some specific upcoming point. The scheme for the formation of this verb looks like /be (Pres. Perf.)/ with the addition of the present participle (Partic. I).
Future tense verbs (F.)
Future Indefinite (Future Ordinary, F. Indef.) expresses an unattributed action, intended as well as expected to be performed. Such a verb is obtained by adding an infinitive to /will/ without /to/.
Future Continuous (Future Continuing, F. Contin.) is required to determine an action that is supposed to be done continuously in the future. This form of the verb is formed according to the following scheme: the service part /be (F. Indef.)/ is placed before Partic. I.
Future Perfect (Future Perfect, F. Perf.) shows that the action will reach its logical conclusion at some future moment. This verb is formed with /will have/ and the past participle(Partic. II).
Future Perfect Continuous (future lasting completed, F. Perf. Contin.) is used to describe an action that is supposed to last in the coming time until a certain moment or, conversely, c of some moment. Such a construction often describes an action performed from any specific motives, with a direct or indirect indication of the reason. The formation scheme for such a verb is a service part /be/ in the form F. Perf. with the addition of Participle I.
Future Past Verbs (F. I. T. P.)
Future In The Past Indefinite (the future in the past is ordinary, F. I. T. P. Indef.) means that some action should take place, without attributes of completion or duration. These verbs are formed from the words /should/would/ (depending on the person) and the infinitive without /to/.
Future In The Past Continuous (future in the past lasting, F. I. T. P. Contin.) speaks of an action that should have lasted, without the attributes of its completeness. For this form of the verb, the scheme of composition looks like /be/ in the form F. I. T. P. Indef. and present participles (Partic. I).
Future In The Past Perfect (Future in the past completed, F. I. T. P. Perf.) explains the action that should have ended. To compose this verb to /should/would have/ add Participle II (adverb past tense).
Future In The Past Perfect Continuous (Future in the past lasting completed, F. I. T. P. Perf. Contin.) showsthat some action would have to last and end. The form of this verb is formed by setting the auxiliary /be/ in F. I. T. P. Perf. before Partic. I.
Regular verbs
Regular English verbs form the past tense by adding the ending /-ed/. In a (simple) gerund, the ending /-ing/ is added to the verb to give it the character of a continuing action or a generalizing shade, in order to convey all similar to it through a single act. The table of English verb forms is presented below.
Irregular verbs
There are also a certain number of exceptions that do not follow this pattern, which must be memorized. Not every tense form of a verb in English is formed by substituting the ending /-ed/. There are verbs that in the past tense and participle form II change part of the stem or ending. There are verbs that completely "reincarnate", and those that remain unchanged in all three hypostases.
The list of English verbs that are formed incorrectly has 100 pieces. Each of them has three forms, so there are 300 verbs. On the one hand, it is not so easy to remember such a huge number of words. Moreover, you need to constantly keep them in mind - after all, the times in which verbs of the second (Past Indefinite) and third (Participle II) types are required, we use everywhere, and you need to determine in which case which form to use, correct or incorrect, and if wrong, thenspecifically what. On the other hand, irregular verbs are very common and are used so often in speech (both in a unique sense and as part of various phrases and constructions) that we get to know most of them, starting to learn English.
Taking into account the fact that among them there are modal and service verbs, we can say that irregular verbs really prevail in speech. The first place in terms of prevalence is occupied by the verb /to be/, (/be/, /was, were/, /been/), which can act both in its own meaning, and as a modal verb, and as an auxiliary part of speech. Its most commonly used forms are /be/, /being/, /been/, /am, is, are/, /was, were/, /will/ and /should, would/, however, the total verb /to be/ has 52 word forms, including active and passive voices, affirmations and denials.
