It's amazing how much a simple phrase can mean when you look at it from the point of view of different sciences. For example, consider the "absolute event". As a specific term, it is used in jurisprudence, jurisprudence, sociology, history, and even astronomy. Each science interprets the phrase a little differently from other disciplines. Consider the basic values.
Absolute terminology
As one can logically assume, if we are talking about absolute events, then there are also relative ones. What is an event in general? This word is used to designate such circumstances that, in the general case, are not tied to the human will. If we talk about the law, then only those circumstances that initiate legal consequences play a role for it.
Absolute event is one that is not provoked by the will of some subject present in the situation. Civil law, speaking of such phenomena, usually uses the term "force majeure". The circumstance is absolutely insurmountable within the conditions set by the situation, it belongs to the category of emergency. Examples of absolute events: a disease spreading in the form of an epidemic, a natural disaster,technogenic or simply very large accident, epizootic. If we consider an absolute event from the point of view of legal sciences, then the moments of birth, death of the subject and other similar ones will also have to be included here.
Absolute and relative
Events, the differences between them have long attracted the attention of specialists from different sciences, which became the basis for the development of a fairly voluminous theory and terminology. In the modern interpretation, it is customary to refer to relative events that are provoked by the will, desire, aspirations of a person who finds himself in the situation under consideration. At the same time, only the fact of initiation depends on the subject, and further development occurs regardless of his desire or hopes. This difference is at the starting point of the process and is the main one for the relative and absolute events. Example: a certain person provoked the beginning of a physical conflict (in other words, fights), but as a result, his opponent received serious bodily injuries and died.
Considering some event, it is not always possible to say absolutely exactly whether it belongs to absolute or relative: the points of view of specialists may differ. To distinguish between concepts and simplify the assessment of causes and consequences, time estimates were introduced. For each individual situation, they are selected individually, taking into account the specifics of the event, but in any case, they are a legal fact integral to the event.
Events: what do legal sciences say?
Absolute event is a circumstance that describesreality surrounding the subject of the situation. At the same time, they are independent of the desires, possibilities, and will of this subject. The consequences that an event generates are very different. Consider two simple examples: there was a house that was insured against destruction due to a natural disaster. There was an earthquake strong enough to destroy the house. In such a situation, a natural disaster becomes a legal fact, from which it follows that the owner of the now destroyed building is en titled to compensation under the insurance program.
Another example of an absolute event as a legal fact: a certain person died. The consequences that this situation provokes are difficult to put together, there are so many of them. Some obligations, if the deceased took part in them, cease, while others, on the contrary, begin. For example, if this person had property, the inheritance mechanism is launched. Depending on the nature of the death, it may also be necessary to clarify the details of what happened.
Separation of concepts: it's important
For modern legal sciences, the division into absolute and relative events is really of great importance, since they are considered differently from the point of view of existing laws. If legal, civil consequences are provoked by a relative event, one has to delve deeper into the relationship between cause and effect. This is necessary in order to reveal how guilty a certain subject who took part in the situation is.
The timing is not soare important for absolute events, but play a significant role if relative ones are considered. The term of origin is determined by the legislative will, and also depends on the actor. The course of the term is always controlled by the laws of time, independent of man. For the legal regulation of relations in society, the terms are extremely significant, they are one of the key mechanisms used by the system of laws. Duties, rights of a certain citizen can be automatically activated or, conversely, completely exhaust themselves only on the basis of deadlines. Relative, absolute events as legal facts, as well as the time intervals characteristic of them, have become one of the most important tools used by the current justice system in our country.
Absolute event in the context of the sociological approach
From the point of view of sociology, the term under consideration is such a semantic complex, which is to some extent one with the situation under study. Complexity implies a simultaneous assessment of both the spatial coordinates of the event and the temporal boundaries. To identify an event, it is necessary to have some observer capable of determining that the event is in progress or has already ended. From the point of view of sociology, an event can be called something that happens in one place, in one time period, that is, it is distinguished by unity in geographical, temporal coordinates. This is due to the following logic: the coordinates of space, time allow you to give an accurate identification of any unique point, and also make it possible to identify the relationship of locations,moments, if any.
Since any event occurs at a specific time, therefore, it divides the entire scale into “before”, “after”. For each event, sociologists propose to single out co-events that precede the act in question or immediately follow it. Co-events are not the duration of the act in question, since it cannot contain other events within itself. At the same time, this approach makes it possible to take into account that any event occurs not at an infinitely short moment, but at a certain time interval. Georg Simmel paid special attention to this aspect in his works.
And more details?
From the point of view of sociology, an absolute event is such an act, in relation to which an observer present in the system can accurately say that there was a beginning, there was an end. It turns what is happening into a full-fledged one. The scientific approach proposes to call such an act an "atomic" event. It becomes absolute only within the framework of a specific group of observers who have recorded both the beginning and the end of what is happening.
Considering the characteristics of an absolute event, it should be noted that construction takes place along one of two paths, and this largely determines the parameters of the actual act being studied. In the first case, the qualification of the object, which allows the implication of the event, becomes the initial state. The second option is to evaluate some event as absolute and study the act immediately following it. If both phenomena under consideration are adjacent to each otherfriend, if they can be attributed to the same series of events, if the same chronology applies to them, then we can say that the second act also belongs to the group of absolute events.
What does philosophy say?
There is not only the concept of "absolute event" in civil law, sociology, this area has also attracted the attention of philosophers. Here, all reasoning begins with the idea that the world we observe is some kind of absolute event. It occupies all the surrounding space and stretches for all time, has no beginning and end, and is a full-fledged object. The probability that such an event will happen is one.
From the point of view of philosophy, an absolute event is not determined by the characteristics of the observer, in no way enters into a correlation with the specifics of the perception of what is happening. In fact, this is an information flow without beginning and end, which each individual object can observe in a given interval. From the point of view of the exact sciences, such an approach may seem rather reckless and even stupid, nevertheless it takes place in the humanistic fields. That is, if in jurisprudence legal facts are absolute events, then in philosophy this term refers to everything that happens in total, whether it be a fact, time or spatial coordinates. At the same time, they say that each fragment observed by a single object also has its own probability index - and it is also equal to one. This allows you to split the infinite stream into deterministicsegments, clear and easier for human perception. An example of such a segment is the fact that a particular reader has read this material. As we can see, the probability of this event is one. However, this wisdom has long found expression in folk sayings and sayings. As soon as a certain event occurs, there will definitely be a person who is ready to confirm that the situation has long been developing so that this event turns out to be probable, real. In a word, “it went to that.”
Fate or Science?
The above may seem like the concept of fatalism raised to the level of science. In fact, there is no question of this (however, it is also impossible to deny the existence of fate with 100% accuracy), but it is taken into account that the absolute event in which we are participants is complex, it is infinite and at the same time instantaneous, and its constituent parts often look different, as expected from the point of view of this or that observer. Some even seem incredible. However, they occur because a system with much more complex mechanisms than those obvious to a simple observer inside the event plays its role.
For philosophy as a science, the main feature of this approach is the declaration of an absolute event as deterministic, and it does not matter at all in which time direction to consider the sequence of fragments. In fact, it boils down to the following idea: the future has already arrived, but the observer does not yet know about it. Awareness of this fact allows one to deal quite freely with the consequences, causes - they can even be interchanged. Scientists get more freedom in applying inductive, deductive methods of research, moreover, they can equate them one with another. This becomes possible because the certainty of what has already happened and what we have not yet observed is equivalent, that is, there is no significant difference.
Future and Past: Probability and Duration
Since an absolute event occurs with a probability equal to one, it can be considered reliable. This becomes a source of bifurcation, and what has already happened is indicated by the probability "one", and for the future the indicator "zero" is used, since these events have not yet taken place, although at the same time their occurrence cannot be avoided. In fact, the observer takes a position on the crest of the "bifurcation wave". One can even say, using the popular expression of Karl Marx, that it is the bifurcation that is the force that moves our history.
Future, past - how much time separates these two vague concepts for the average person? From the point of view of the exact sciences, it is optimal if this is a moment with a given temporal duration, precisely defined, specified in space. In fact, we are dealing with a sharp probabilistic jump - a unit appears from zero, for which some given time is spent. A number of philosophers compare this approach with the idea of quantum time, which allows what happens in quanta, despite the contradiction of these events to common (seemingly) common sense.
Events and mathematics
Returning to more exact sciences, it is imperative to payattention to the concept of "absolute frequency of events". Here everything is much simpler, less figurative than in the previously described approach to terminology and perception of the world. There is a formula that calculates the absolute frequency of events, usually taken in a high school course or university program.
Assume that some (N) number of experiments were delivered. Each of them had a chance for the occurrence of the desired event A. In the considered version of the definition, the absolute frequency of a random event is the number of times when the desired situation nevertheless occurred. In addition to the absolute expression, this indicator is also calculated relative to the total number of experiments performed (objects, situations, participants studied). This allows you to identify a percentage that is important for assessing the quality of the system.
There are many options, but what is relevant?
Above, many options for considering the term "absolute events" have been considered. In practice, the ordinary person most often encounters absolute legal events. Of course, many people (if they are deeply engaged in the exact sciences) take the mathematical aspect of probability in an educational course, and in the future they encounter it at work. But this is a rather small percentage of all mankind. But it is easier to meet in real life absolute legal events. We all insure life, he alth and property, unconsciously calculate the probability of getting into an accident, on the basis of which we figure out in which situations we need to be careful. Every person has a chance to be in an unpleasant situation,the consequences of which will be not only bad impressions, but also civil or legal consequences.
Knowing what legal facts are absolute events, you can more carefully, correctly, correctly draw up contracts, sign agreements. In general, education in the field of law in our country at the level of the general public is at a rather low level, and this creates certain problems, and gives dishonest companies the opportunity to take advantage of human naivety. In order not to become a victim of such a relative event, one must clearly understand which absolute events, if they occur, can give rights and which ones.
Developing the theme: legal facts
Above, examples of absolute events, relative, considered by legal sciences, have already been given, and the relationship with the term "legal fact" has also been mentioned. But what does this phrase mean? Let's take a closer look at the terminology. From the point of view of legal sciences, facts are such indications on the basis of which legal relations appear, change or terminate. At the same time, for any fact, it is necessary to have a hypothesis written in the legal norms of society. The legal regulation of our society is carried out with the involvement of a huge mass of circumstances that provoke consequences or their absence.
The legal fact must be specified, it belongs to the category of life circumstances. Based on the norms of law, it is possible to associate legal facts with legal facts.relations (their origin, development, termination), as well as the consequences that are important for legal science. Facts are at the same time the basis for legal relations, and their actual adjustment in the process of existence, and termination. On the example of a person, the moments of birth, reaching the age of majority, death become legal facts. Each of these facts provokes certain consequences.
Legal fact: signs
First of all, it should be noted that the fact is expressed outside. Consequently, it is impossible to recognize human feelings, reflections as legal facts. In addition, a circumstance expressing a legal fact is associated with specific phenomena or their absence. Finally, only those circumstances that are provided for in legal regulations, indicated by theses, can be attributed to legal facts.
Any legal fact has real force if it has been specially recorded, formalized, confirmed. At the same time, consequences necessarily follow the fact.
Legal Fact: Functions
It is impossible to overestimate the importance of legal facts for modern legal sciences, since this term is one of the fundamental ones. Facts have law-forming functions, that is, they provoke consequences that are significant from the point of view of the legal regulation of relationships within society. In addition, they can change the circumstances, terminate them according to the validity period. Some legal facts have a right recovery feature.
