Syntactic parsing involves determining the role of each word in a sentence, that is, which member it is. In order to be able to do such an analysis, you need to know what an addition is, the basis of a sentence, and so on.
Subject and predicateThe most important, unsubordinate member of a sentence is the subject. The subject is a subject acting independently. The second most important word in a sentence is the predicate. Together with the subject, it forms the basis of a sentence. The predicate is the action of the subject-subject.
Supplement
Besides the base, there must be secondary members in the common sentence. Complement is perhaps the most common type of subordinate member. It answers the questions of all indirect cases. So what is a supplement? This is an object, an object on which the subject (subject) performs an action (through the predicate). What is a supplement, it is not difficult to understand. Additions usually have a dependence on other members of the sentence, expressed in different forms of the verb: personal, as well as participles and gerunds. From the same verb formmay depend on the meaning and type of additions. Here are examples of them, governed by different verb forms: "feeling closeness", "feeling closeness", "feeling closeness". The object can be expressed in the same part of speech as the subject:
1. A noun, including a substantivized one ("go with a ward", "tickle a feather").
2. A pronoun, because in its function it is an equal replacement for a noun ("love him", "see them").
3. A substantiated adverb, ordinal numerals and other nominal parts of speech, which are given the function of a noun ("to say "tomorrow" in your position is murder"). But here the case is controversial, you can interpret the addition as part of the predicate.
Types of additions
In Russian there is a direct and indirect object. Direct is what is in the form:
1. Accusative case without preposition: "eat an avocado", "cut a palm tree".
2. Genitive without any preposition with a negative verb: "do not recognize the object", "do not feel the presence".
3. Genitive case with verbs that have the meaning of achieving a result and quantitative: "I'll go pour soup", "I'll eat bread".
4. Genitive case with adverbs: "no ice cream", "sorry for dollars".
Indirect stands in all other forms of indirect cases (and accusative with a preposition):"gossip about a shootout", "help rabbits", etc. The direct object answers the questions of the accusative and genitive cases, and the indirect object answers the questions of the genitive, dative, accusative, instrumental and prepositional.
Practice is everything!
Besides the predicate, object and subject, there can be other members in the sentence - definition and circumstance. Parsing by members of a sentence is not difficult, but it takes practice.
Here are examples of sentences filled with all members, including additions:
1. "The commander of the second naval regiment was going to travel light with his stepmother Vasilisa Petrovna."
2. "Pig Peter suddenly dreamed of being an angel, and large fluffy wings grew behind him."
3. "Not everyone and not always manages to catch the moment when it is worth stopping and not jumping into a bottomless abyss from which there is no return."
Additions in these sentences: "angel", "moment", "shelf", "stepmother Vasilisa Petrovna". I hope now you understand what an addition is. If not, I strongly advise you to turn to Babaitseva's textbook for theory, and Rosenthal's collection for practice.
