The Present Perfect is the fourth most common use in English (6%). In informal communication, the present perfect is often replaced by a simple past.
Passive voice is most often found in fiction and special literature (about 20% in passive). In spoken English, 97.5% of verbs are active.
Time
Using the Present Perfect Passive means describing an action completed by someone up until now, with the object on which the action was performed being the focus.
The present perfect tense indicates the completion of an action at the present moment. In other words, we use time when in the present we are talking about the existence of some experience from the past (often the recent, but sometimes the distant past) or about an event that has occurred that is connected with the present.
For example, when we want to recommend a friend for a position in an organization we work for, we can say: "Anna has worked in finance for 10 years. She is a good fit for this position."10 years old She is a good match for the job).
The present perfect is formed using the auxiliary verb (have/has) and the third form of the main verb.
Bail
Active voice implies that the object that is the subject of the sentence is directly related to the action, i.e. is the subject of the action: did/did/does, etc.
The passive voice is used when we say that some action was performed on the object (the subject in the sentence). Thanks to the passive voice, it is possible to make sentences in which it is generally unknown who did / is doing / will do the action.
| Active | Passive |
| I painted the house | The house was destroyed |
| I have painted the house | This house has been destroyed |
"I" - the subject, "I" did the action - painted the house. "House" is the subject, but it wasn't the house that destroyed itself, it was destroyed by someone else, and there's nothing about that in the sentence.
Passive present perfect
Present Perfect Passive Voice is used in the same cases as the active voice: in relation to recent actions, experiences, or ongoing actions and situations (emphasizing the action itself, not its duration).
The passive voice allows you to arbitrarily place accents in the message: shift the focus tonoun that is the result of an action, from the one who performs the action.
Most often, the passive voice is used to convey information about an object or phenomenon that happened sometime in the past, we do not know the perpetrators of what happened, but we see the result. For example, we know that the house is freshly painted, we see it. But we don't know who painted it, we don't know when it happened. Therefore, it is worth using the Present Perfect in Passive Voice.
He talks about some achievements, developments or discoveries of other people, when it is emphasized that the object exists right now. For example, Google returns 65,000 results for the exact query "The car has been developed by".
The passive voice is also used when the performer/performer of the action (subject) has already been named or known in advance. In order not to repeat, the emphasis is shifted to the object, and the speech about the subject is omitted, because. thanks to Passive, the subject can remain unnamed.
If you have any doubts whether it is worth using the Present Perfect, you can try to add the words "already", "by this moment", "still" (yet), "just now" to the wording of the sentence in Russian. In cases where the sentence turns out to be meaningful and does not acquire additional connotations, in the English version it is better to convey it through the passive voice of the present complete.
Examples of Passive sentences in Present Perfect with the addition of "already":
|
Your package has been delivered (Ijust found out that your package has been delivered) |
Your package has already been delivered | Your package has been delivered |
|
The cakes are ready (I saw that the cakes were ready) |
The cakes are ready | The cupcakes have been cooked |
How to use
It is enough to add been to form passive in Present Perfect. Rule: subject + be in the present perfect (has/have been) + the third form of the main verb.
Has is often abbreviated to 's in writing: The party has been cancelled=The party's been cancelled.
In interrogative sentences, has/have moves to the first place, followed by the subject, been, the main verb in the third form and the rest of the sentence: Has the party been cancelled? (Party cancelled?).
In negative sentences, has/have is followed by the particle not: The party has not been cancelled yet.
Examples of Present Perfect in Passive and Active Voice:
| Active | Passive |
| I wrote an essay | Essay written by me |
| I have written an essay | The essay has been written by me |
| Baby woke up | The baby was woken up |
| The baby has woken up | The baby has been woken up |
| Did you invite someone to the party? | Is anyone invited to the party? |
| Have you invited anybody on the party? | Anybody has been invited to the party? |
| I fixed my bike | My bike is fixed by me |
| I have repaired my bike | My bike has been repaired by me |
| I just painted the gate | The gate was painted |
| I have just painted the gate | This gate has just been painted |
| I opened the window | Window opened |
| I have opened the window | This window has been opened |
CV
Passive in the Present Perfect is useful in cases where we see the result of an action, but do not know its authors, or the object on which the impact is made is important to us, and not the one who made the impact.
For example, we can say that William has canceled the party, but why should we talk about him if the fact of cancellation is important? In addition, the interlocutor may not even know William, but have an invitation to a party from us. Therefore, we use the passive voice and only talk about the party (The party has been cancelled).
The same considerations apply to news articles. In most cases, readers care about the subject of the article, the new phone or the new law, and not their creators. Therefore, the main emphasis in this case is placed on the invention of the object, and not on the inventors, using the Passive in the Present Perfect.
