What are organs? This question can be followed by several different answers at once. Find out what the definition of this word is, in what areas it is used.
Organs are… Definition
The term is ambiguous and is used in several areas. From the point of view of law, bodies are organizations, institutions that perform certain duties and tasks in public life. Most often, the term is found in biology, denoting a part of the body of a living organism - an animal, plant, fungus or person that performs certain functions.
If you look at it, then all definitions, although they relate to different areas of life, have similar features. They are close to the third meaning, where organs are tools, tools, means. Both in the biological and in the legal aspect, the body is part of the system, a link that has its own functions and tasks. That is, he is her means to achieve the result.
In the human body system, an organ means an inanimate object that supports our vital activity. In the state system, it denotes an organization consisting of several people dealing with issues of public life. What can replace the word organ? Synonym"tool" is perhaps the best fit.
Controls
The structure that manages any area is called a governing body. It can refer to the state, society, commercial enterprise. In most cases, organs are divided into major and minor. In commerce, the main management body can be, for example, the board of directors, if we are talking about a joint-stock company.
In the state, authorities are represented by various institutions and organizations, which can be specific (Ministry of Internal Affairs, President of the Russian Federation, etc.) or generalized, for example, the Federal Service, etc. All of them are divided into higher, lower, local, regional, federal and central, differing in the degree of their influence.
The state apparatus in different countries differs in its structure. It depends on the form of government (monarchy, republic, etc.), regime (democracy, dictatorship, etc.), political and territorial division of the country (autonomy, unitarism, etc.). A common feature for all is the presence of control and coercion.
In this regard, the highest bodies are the executive (president, monarch), judicial (supreme, middle, lower courts), legislative (parliament, thought, shura) authorities. In the countries of totalitarian socialism, they are divided into courts, prosecutors, government bodies and state authorities.
General organ systems
The Animal Kingdom includes a huge variety of species, including humans. Themorgans differ depending on the group to which they belong, but there are common features. The main organ systems that are present in representatives of the animal kingdom:
- Musculoskeletal.
- Digestive.
- Excretory.
- Genital.
- Nervous.
- Respiratory.
- Integumentary.
- Immune.
The complexity of the body structure increases from lower to higher living beings. For example, flatworms, primitive in their structure, do not have arms, legs, paws, respiratory organs, vessels, unlike mammals.
Despite this, even the most primitive organisms usually have excretory, digestive, muscular, reproductive systems, which they need for basic tasks: nutrition, movement, reproduction.
As you move up the hierarchical ladder, the number of systems and their organs and functions increases. So, for example, the musculoskeletal system of worms is represented by several muscles, when in mammals it turned into a complex system with a skeleton, muscles and tendons. In birds, it is complemented by wings, in fish - by fins.
Common in many animals are the sense organs, they are represented by the mechanisms of vision, smell, hearing, taste, balance. They help to navigate in space, warn against danger, communicate, recognize food and other objects.
Special animal organs
The way of life and habitat of living organisms is reflected in their external and internal structure. Some have formedspecific organs that distinguish them from members of other animal groups.
In small depressions on the head of snakes are receptors that are responsible for the recognition of heat. Thanks to them, reptiles can easily find warm-blooded prey even in complete darkness. The creeping lifestyle also developed in them the ability to feel vibrations much more subtle than other animals.
Special organs can be considered glands that spin webs. Only arachnids and labiopods have a similar remedy. With the help of the web, animals build burrows, catch food, make cocoons for eggs.
Pisces have a number of specific organs. Many of them use gills for breathing and fins for swimming. Bony fish have a swim bladder that allows them to be at the required depth, while not sinking to the bottom or floating up.
Human organs
Man in the animal hierarchy belongs to the class Mammals and order Primates. Its organ systems are the same as those of all vertebrates. And the functions and structure of the body largely converge with mammals. The closest to the modern species of people - Homo sapiens - are African chimpanzees and gorillas. Less than 10% of our genes do not match with them.
Still, in terms of organizational structure, a person differs from monkeys. For example, one of our main organs - the spine, has a curved shape in the form of the letter S, having deflections in the neck and lower back. The pelvic bone is more expanded than that ofour "closest relatives", and the arms and legs are more elongated.
The thumb on the human hand is completely opposed to others, but on the feet this feature has disappeared. It is still present in monkeys today. As a result of upright walking, the arrangement of some muscles and tendons in our body differs. The brain is much larger than the same organ in chimpanzees. But the hair (these are also organs) has become smaller.
Conclusion
Organs represent part of a coherent structure or system. Each of them performs certain tasks and functions. The term is used in several meanings. It can denote both a governing body in a commercial, public or state system, and a part of the body of a living organism.
