Every country has outstanding scientists. Of course, our country is rich in them and continues to replenish the minds of scientists. But today you will find out who the physician Bernard Claude is. You will also discover secrets and facts from his biography. You will learn about his achievements in the field of medicine, and what syndrome is named after this doctor.
Introduction
Known to doctors and physicians Claude Bernard, a physician from France, became famous as a researcher of the processes of internal secretion, is deservedly considered the founder of the science of endocrinology, and is also the author of a large number of scientific papers. Despite the fact that methods and ideas about physiology are rapidly developing and stepping forward, the research and monographs of the scientist are relevant to this day. In medical circles, the name of the scientist still causes delight and admiration, and his amazing work is of interest to both young and experienced doctors. Claude Bernard is considered the founder of experimental medicine. In the scientific works of this doctor, every reader will find a lot of useful thoughts that cannot be underestimated. If you have a desire to find out how the great physiologist of France lived and worked, thenread on!
Short biography
Claude Bernard was born on July 12, 1813 in the city of Villefranche near Lyon (southeast France). Young Claude received a classical education at a Jesuit college.
He worked very long and hard in his laboratory. These labors were not in vain. Bernard found success and fame in certain circles. He had his own students and followers.
An outstanding French scientist died on February 10, 1878. He was 65 years old. Death caught the professor when he experimented with his talented student Arsene Darsonval. The French authorities held a public funeral for the scientist, and a little later a university in the city of Lyon was named after him. Today, scientists are being awarded the Bernard Prize for discoveries in endocrinology.
Literary beginning
Bernard Claude was a very serious boy. He differed from his peers in dreaminess and taciturnity. From a young age, I saw myself not in science, but in literary creativity. But since his father was not rich, the family needed money, Claude had to drop out of school. He became an apprentice pharmacist, at this time he composed the first literary work - vaudeville. It so happened that this vaudeville was staged on the stage of a theater in Lyon.
Inspired by the success, the young author wrote a historical drama called Arthur of Brittany. The writer took the manuscript to Paris for review by literary critic Girardin. But he urged the young man to leave poetry and start practicing medicine again. Claude Bernard followed the advice andlater he said that he did not regret leaving writing.
A few years later, in 1834, he entered the High School of Medicine in Paris. There he becomes a student of the physiologist Mogendi, who at that time was a member of the National Academy of Sciences in Medicine. Mogendi was also its vice president.
Working with a scientist
In 1839, Claude graduated from his studies, and at the same time Mogendi invited him to work in the laboratory of the College de France. Eight years later, Bernard takes over as Mogendie's deputy.
Claude's laboratory was placed in a small room. Nearby was an audience for students, and in front of the benches there was a table for experiments. It is impossible to imagine, but in this close environment, the scientist discovered a lot in the field of experimental physiology.
Scientist Claude Bernard worked in all areas of physiology known at that time. Claude's activities in science and medicine are divided into two periods:
- 1843-1868;
- 1868-1877
In the first period, he de alt with the ideas of pathological and normal physiology. The year 1843 was especially fruitful. Then a thirty-year-old physician published the first scientific works on the role of one of the glands in the body of animals, on the importance of the pancreas in the digestion of fats, and on the process of their assimilation.
Bernard became the founder of endocrinology when he conducted successful classical studies of one of the glands - the pancreas. Soon the doctor defended his doctoral thesis, devoted to research on the properties of gastric juice andits role in the digestive process. In 1849, the physician opened the Society of Biologists, and in 1867 was appointed its president. This year in the scientific career of Bernard was also significant. He made another major discovery. Bernard Claude found that sugar from the intestines, which enters the liver, is converted into glycogen.
The scientist also thoroughly studied carbohydrate metabolism, what role the liver and central nervous system play in it. The doctor also proved that they are involved in the process of carbohydrate metabolism, and that the liver is the most important heat producer in the animal body.
Claude Bernard Syndrome
This syndrome is most commonly referred to as Horner's disease. And it should be noted that the syndrome itself was discovered by Dr. Horner, but Claude Bernard noticed and described the symptoms of the disease much earlier. Bernard-Horner Syndrome is a disease that causes damage to the sympathetic nerve system in the body. The syndrome has another name - oculosympathetic. From the Latin "oculus" - eye. The syndrome affects not only the muscles around the eyes, but also the visual organ itself.
Bernard described these symptoms at his age:
- slowing the adaptive abilities of the pupil;
- heterochronism;
- enophthalmos, or retraction of the body of the eyeball;
- miosis, or unnatural constriction of the pupils, etc.
Conclusion
It is impossible to overestimate Bernard's contribution to the development of medicine, and in particular endocrinology, physiology and pathophysiology! About his works and discoveriesyou can write for a very long time. But in conclusion, a few more words and facts should be noted. In addition to physiology and endocrinology, Professor Bernard laid the foundations of pharmacology and even toxicology.
In 1964, the scientific world of physicians was shocked by the next fundamental work of Bernard "Introduction to Experimental Medicine". It was this scientist who introduced the method of experimental research into the science of physiology.
His students were residents of different countries, among them researchers from England, Germany, America. Our, domestic physicians and biologists also worked in the scientific and experimental laboratory of Claude Bernard: N. M. Yakubovich, I. M. Sechenov, F. V. Ovsyannikov, I. R. Tarkhanov.
The scientist was noticed even in philosophical science, his work was of great importance for the science of wisdom, and also significantly influenced physiology and other related sciences.
