Choosing a speci alty is considered one of the main tasks that have to be solved at a young age. Career guidance events help to decide on this issue.
Statistics
A person who chooses a speci alty is called an optant (from the Latin word optacio - "choice, desire"). As a result of his actions, a sufficiently clear and realistic idea of the professional community to which he will attribute himself in the future should be formed. As the results of various studies show, children at a young age, for example, know only 20-25 speci alties. In this regard, the career guidance of adolescents is often spontaneous. A study of the motivations for choosing one or another speci alty showed that others play a significant role in this. So, about 25% prefer the profession under the influence of a more independent friend, 17% are guided by the advice of adults, 9% - information from the media. The choice of another 9% is determined by various insignificant factors (for example, the insignificant distance of the university from home). Only 40%schoolchildren are guided by the content of future work.
Relevance of the problem
Choosing a speci alty, a person at a young age usually first of all takes into account his own interests, inclinations. However, at the same time, the compliance of personal qualities with the requirements of a particular field of activity is not taken into account. In particular, intellectual potential, psychophysiological abilities, etc. are not taken into account. For many children, the situation in which it is necessary to make such a choice becomes stressful. This is mainly due to the fact that, on the one hand, it is still difficult for a teenager to take responsibility for his actions. On the other hand, he simply does not know what is the right thing for him to do, how to make sure that the speci alty fully coincides with his goals and interests.
Problem Solving
For the right choice, you need to study the most common, sought-after speci alties. In addition, you need to familiarize yourself with the requirements that apply to candidates. It is also important to study your own characteristics, the specifics of thinking, character, temperament, nervous system. The conclusions obtained should be compared with the requirements of a particular field of activity. It should be noted that the sooner career guidance is done, the more effective it will be in the end.
What is a major?
It represents a limited (due to the division of labor) sphere of application of the spiritual and physical forces of a person, necessary for society. She gives the opportunityreceive means for existence and development. A profession is a group of related speci alties. For example, there are turners-borers, turners-generalists, etc. These speci alties are united in a group called "turning profession".
Classification
Today there are a huge number of speci alties. In order for career guidance for schoolchildren to become useful for children, it is necessary to clearly delineate the areas of their possible activities in the future. Classification is carried out according to various criteria. For example, it can be a division by industry, skill level, psychological requirements, etc. You can determine the direction of interests by passing a career guidance test. Currently, a variety of questionnaires have been developed. A career guidance test will help identify a person’s abilities in a particular area, the priority of a particular field of activity. Quite common is the division into types of human interactions with:
- Nature.
- Technique.
- Human.
- Artistic images.
- Signs.
In each of these areas there are specific speci alties from which the child can choose the most suitable one.
Man and Nature
If the career guidance questionnaire showed the child's commitment to this area of activity, then most likely he has some success in such subjects as biology, anatomy, zoology, botany, physiology. A feature of the category of speci alties "man-nature" is that they allnon-standard, changeable and have a certain complexity. Their transformation is subject to the internal laws of the natural environment. In this regard, a career guidance lesson in this case should include tasks to identify initiative, independence in solving specific tasks. A specialist in this field should not only know a lot, but also have the ability to anticipate certain changes. Here, among other things, creative skills, responsiveness, caring are important. The specialist must remember that many changes in organisms can become irreversible.
Specific activity
Career guidance for students to a certain extent should prepare them for possible difficulties in one area or another. For example, speaking about speci alties such as "man-nature", it must be said that many of them are related to technology. For example, growers, agronomists use a variety of equipment. Sophisticated techniques are also present in the work of microbiologists. The situation is similar with livestock speci alties. Currently, they are increasingly being transferred to an industrial basis. As part of the team, they are also involved in establishing interpersonal relationships. In addition, they often have to delve into the intricacies of accounting, analyze the economic results of their own activities. Some professions require artistic skills. For example, this is typical for professions such as florists, gardeners.
Important moment
When career guidance events are held, childrenshould see not only the positive, but also the negative aspects of a particular profession. It is necessary that they understand and evaluate their personal, real attitude towards future activities. For example, for speci alties of the "man-nature" type, it is important to distinguish between ordinary love for the environment and the desire to bring something important and necessary into it, to solve some problem, to improve the state of the system. Choosing such a profession, you need to know that for a specialist, nature is not a place of rest. It acts as a workshop where he will give his strength and time.
Tech direction
In it, the work of specialists is associated with mechanisms, machines, energy in its various forms. This direction is suitable for children who are successful in physics, mathematics, drawing, chemistry. The technical direction should be considered broadly, not reduced to one piece of hardware. Speci alties can also be associated with non-metal objects. For example, it can be food raw materials, fabrics, plastics, semi-finished products. A feature of the objects of labor is that they can be accurately measured, characterized by many features. Accordingly, when moving, processing, changing, certain actions will be required from a specialist.
Features of the technical field
Career guidance for young people should show the possibilities of a particular field of activity. For example, the technical direction is a huge field for invention and innovation. Therefore, a key condition for success in this area is the presence of a craving for modeling, the ability to separate and connectobjects and their elements. At the same time, it is possible to invent not only tools and other objects of labor, but also technologies, methods for performing operations. Another important condition for success in this area is the presence of high discipline.
Sphere "man-man"
Speci alties in this field are related to education, training, leadership, service. Such activities, as a rule, are chosen by those children who are successful in such subjects as literature, history, social studies, etc. A key feature of this area is that the essence of work in it lies in the interaction between people. Another important feature is that the specialist requires double preparation:
- You need to be able to form and maintain relationships with people, understand their psychology, understand them.
- You need to have training in certain areas of art, technology, production, science, etc.
Category of speci alties "man and sign system"
This area of activity is related to the processing of data presented in the form of formulas, numbers, texts. A variety of sign systems are considered integral elements of the modern world. Today, all kinds of drawings, topographic maps, diagrams, tables, conditional signals, formulas, and so on are actively used every day. Specialists involved in the field of sign systems require special skills and inclinations. In the process of work, it is necessary to carry out control, accounting, processing of information. Professionals are often required to develop new iconicsystem.
Man and artistic image
All speci alties in this area are conditionally divided into several categories. The criteria are historically isolated types of artistic depiction of real events. So, allocate professions related to:
- Fine art.
- Literature.
- Music.
- Acting and stage activities.
These categories do not have clear boundaries, they are in this or that interaction. One of the features of the speci alties in this area is the fact that most of the labor costs of workers are hidden from strangers. In many cases, even special measures are taken to create the effect of ease, ease of the result of the activity. For example, an artist's performance on stage can last several minutes. But in order for it to take place, every day he improves his skills for several hours, rehearses, observes the regime.
High School Career Guidance – What is it?
As mentioned above, today there are many guides and teaching materials for both children and adults. Meanwhile, their study does not always bring the desired result. Many children not only do not form a clear idea of speci alties and possible fields of activity, but, on the contrary, the problem of choice is only getting worse. That is why Career Guidance Day is held in educational institutions. Extracurricular activities to explain to children the specifics of laborrelations in a particular area today is not sufficiently developed. Vocational guidance for schoolchildren is a powerful and effective tool that contributes to solving a problem that is relevant to them. Its purpose is to assist in the formation in children of a sustainable need for self-development and the realization of their potential in the labor sphere. One of the key tasks is to create the necessary conditions for the independent activity of each child. Vocational guidance for schoolchildren allows children to identify their individual characteristics, inclinations, predisposition to any activity.
Key elements
Career guidance in the 9th grade involves a phased introduction to different areas of work. In the form of theoretical knowledge, games, creative exercises, children's self-awareness develops. In the course of interaction with teachers and other specialists, a stable system of values is formed. Children begin to model their future. These are the main tasks that career guidance performs. Grade 11 is the period when children come close to the issue of choice. By this time, most of them should already have clear ideas about their future, create an "ideal image" of a specialist.
Introduction
At the first stage, preparations are being made for familiarization with the material related to the labor sphere. It includes the stages of formation of professional activity, ways of choosing a speci alty. Children get acquainted with key concepts, definitions, sources of information aboutfuture workforce.
Main Stages
Vocational guidance topics are not limited to the description of certain speci alties. Process includes:
- The development of concepts and ideas related to the world of work.
- Activation of self-improvement and self-knowledge.
- Formation of skills to determine the key qualities for a particular profession.
- Developing visions of special education.
Plan
Vocational guidance for high school students suggests that by the end of the year, children will have mastered key educational skills. These include, in particular, the ability to know oneself, the features of the emotional-volitional sphere, character, temperament. Students make a plan for self-control, development of will, regulation of emotions. This will allow them to form the ability to build their lives at their own discretion and desire. At the next stage, career guidance for high school students includes familiarization with the requirements for a particular work activity, qualification characteristics, the presence of which will allow them to master a speci alty and achieve certain success in the chosen field of employment. At the third stage, a specific decision is made, information about the ways and possibilities of obtaining the appropriate education is studied.
Extracurricular content
Vocational guidance for high school students includes familiarization with the psychology of work in a particular area. This is due to physiological and age characteristics.children. In the process of getting acquainted with the main areas of activity, students learn the essence of work in a particular speci alty. As a result, children realize what the mutual correspondence of a person to his future speci alty is.
Regulatory framework
Vocational guidance for high school students is carried out according to a plan developed in accordance with:
- Regulations on the procedure for state accreditation and attestation.
- FZ "On Education".
- Model regulation on the establishment of continuing education.
When developing the plan, the Methodological recommendations of the Ministry of Education and Science and the Requirements for the design and content of curricula for additional programs are taken into account. children's education.
Plan Sections
As part of the career guidance program, children are encouraged to learn the following concepts:
- Needs, motives, goals and meaning of activity.
- Failure and success in work, assessment, level of achievement.
- Movements and actions of a person, skills, skills, knowledge.
- Types of activity, social motives, features of work.
- Professions, speci alties of occupations, their psychological characteristics.
Children are also explained the features of communication in the framework of work. In addition, the psychological characteristics of work in extreme conditions are described. In conclusion, it is supposed to sum up the results of extracurricular activities, summarize the results, bring them to children, parents and teachers.
Conditions for implementation
For conducting career guidance classes in an educational institutiona spacious room should be allocated in which children could receive theoretical knowledge. In addition, there is a room for creative activity. An educational institution should have a library with a reading room where you can find all the necessary literature on topics of interest, as well as a computer class, a room for watching videos. Children are encouraged to participate on a voluntary basis. As practice shows, there are quite a lot of people who want to attend career guidance classes. Children bring their friends and like-minded people, which encourages free communication, passion and joint activities.
The plan is designed for the sequential passage of stages and obtaining the necessary knowledge. This practice allows children to learn socially significant aspects. In particular, they receive skills and abilities in applied art, research work. Children study the features of interpersonal communication in the work team, the psychological specifics of a particular activity. As a result, high school students expand their horizons in the field of professions, receive information about educational institutions in their city or district.
Undoubtedly, much will depend on the teacher. Therefore, he must be prepared to perform a variety of tasks, present himself with appropriate clear requirements. Its main task is to captivate children, to make them want to understand the world of professions, to reveal their potential, to evaluate it in relation to one or another speci alty. Systematic extracurricular activities will allow you to study the labor sphere from various angles. Availabilitythis knowledge will allow a high school student to easily choose the profession in which he can fully realize himself.
Conclusion
Work should bring satisfaction to a person. To do this, it is necessary to cultivate a realistic idea of the level of claims for recognition in society. Simply put, you should not count on more praise than a person deserves based on the actual results of their activities. Young professionals often receive recognition that is disproportionate to their skills and abilities. This can have an extremely negative impact on their future activities. Thus, a person who has developed an unrealistic idea of claims pushes back the idea that there is no resounding success for reasons hidden in himself. Such a person begins to explain failures by the actions of others (everyone around interferes, envy, slows down activity, etc.). To avoid such situations, within the framework of career guidance programs, all aspects of a particular work activity are explained to children.
Choosing a speci alty, a child should be prepared not only for success, but also for the difficulties that he will have to face. He must have the appropriate skills, abilities, knowledge, psychological qualities. When a graduate enters an institute or other specialized institution, he must have a clear idea of his future. Career guidance classes help you model the events of your life. Adults play the most important role in this process. Professionhas a significant impact on the life of a person outside the labor collective. This impact must be positive.
