In every society there are many different rules of conduct - regulators of relations between its members. Even in the early stages of human development, that is, in the primitive communal system, interactions between people were regulated through a system of mononorms. These included various rituals, myths, customs, taboos, vows, etc. It was with their help that the so-called regulatory function was carried out in society. With the development of mankind, mononorms have been replaced by more advanced regulators, which are divided into three main groups, namely:
- social;
- technical;
- natural.
By the way, the third, that is, spontaneous, stand out only in the legal literature. Further in the article we will talk only about social regulators, that is, the norms that contribute to the ordering of the behavior of all members of society in various spheres of their life. There may be legal, moral,cultural regulations. Read about each of these types later in the article.
Social regulation
In society, the behavior of people towards each other is due to a certain influence from the society itself. This is social regulation. It is customary to divide it into casual and normative, while the former does not affect the whole society, as in normative regulation, but a specific person or group.
How is social regulation carried out? For this, special methods have been developed in society. They are the regulations. First of all, they are the law. This is a system of formally defined rules of conduct binding on all members of society. Another type of regulatory norms is a custom, these are rules of conduct that develop over time and are based on the experience of a fairly large group of people. At the same time, they are performed without any coercion, that is, voluntarily or out of habit.
The next type of regulation is morality. This is a set of rules of conduct based on ideas of good and bad, good and evil, right and wrong, etc. They exist in the minds of society and are supported by public opinion, that is, measures of public condemnation.
Morality can be personal (the inner conviction of an individual) and public - accepted by the majority of members of society. The regulatory function is also carried out through religious norms. These are the rules of conduct thatbased on belief in the supernatural. They are supported by the hope of a prosperous life or fear of retribution, punishment in the other world.
How was the regulatory function carried out in the primitive world?
Spells, myths, customs, taboos, rituals, vows, vows, etc. - all these are forms of normative regulation of the behavior of ancient people. Through myths and legends, they were given information about the necessary or forbidden behavior. These are stories of good and evil, and in them, as a rule, the behavior of some is presented as a feat and serves as a subject for imitation.
Customs are information about the life of previous generations, which is of a cognitive nature and is transmitted from older to younger. As for rituals, these are specific actions that are symbolic and voluntary, due to habit, performed by people in a certain order.
What gave mankind the emergence of states?
The beginning of the history of human civilization is considered to be the formation of primary human communities, which in their organization resembled animal organizations (a flock, a herd, etc.). With the emergence of the first states, significant changes took place in people's lives: the regulatory function of the state, its mechanisms differed in many respects from those that existed in the primitive system. Of course, it continued to contain already existing social relations, but its main goal was not only to control them, but also to intensively develop them.
The regulatory function carried out by the state includessocial, economic, cultural and interstate functions. This means that it is aimed both at organizing social production (economy), and at creating the necessary conditions for the formation and development of a full-fledged personality in society, as well as at the emergence of interstate interactions.
Introduction to the mechanisms of state regulation
Further in the article we will talk about legal, moral, cultural and religious norms, with the help of which the regulatory function in society is carried out. Each of these types has its own specifics. First of all, I would like to reveal the essence of the legal regulation. This concept should be understood as an impact aimed at social relations and aimed at streamlining them through such specific means as regulatory norms of law. They define the legal and subjective duties and rights of subjects, as well as the conditions for their action and occurrence. Each of these norms affects the consciousness and will of a person and with their help controls his behavior. In a word, the regulatory function of law is carried out by means of norms common to all. They come in several varieties:
- Compulsory, that is, those that require citizens to take certain positive actions.
- Prohibiting, these are the norms that indicate the inadmissibility of committing certain actions.
- Empowering. They secure for a person the right to carry out certain actions that determine the scope of hisauthority.
However, each of the norms can be formulated in any of these three qualities. And it depends on certain circumstances. Some regulatory norms of law combine several properties of the above qualities at once. So, for example, the initiation of a criminal case can be considered both as a duty and as a right of the person conducting the investigation. The main thing is to correctly analyze the conditions of this or that act.
The first of the two varieties of legal regulations, that is, prohibiting and obliging, are imperative. This means that they do not allow any derogations. But the norms of the third type, authorizing, in most cases are dispositive, and allow the behavior of the addressee of the norm agreed with the partner. By the way, on the same grounds, other types of legal norms can be distinguished, namely: optional and recommendatory.
There are also situational, considering the addressee in accordance with a particular situation, and alternative, providing the opportunity to choose from several options indicated in the normative act. The regulatory function of law is also carried out through incentive norms. Their main feature is that they have a positive impact on people's behavior through incentive measures, sanctions. In a word, contrary to the perception of many, legal norms can be not only a stick, but also a carrot.
Legal settlement stages
Like any system, the legalregulation is divided into elements and stages. The latter include the awareness of the need to create rules of law, then comes the very process of creating these rules, the third stage is the emergence of duties and rights for specific subjects, and the last is practice, that is, the implementation of subjective rights and legal obligations. As for the elements, they correspond to the above stages and are:
- rules of law;
- content of the rule of conduct itself;
- establishing a measure of responsibility (legal) for violation of certain rules;
- legal relations (arising on the basis of existing legal norms and their real effect);
- acts of realization of legal duties and rights.
Morality and its regulatory function
An important role in the formation and development of individual and social consciousness is played by the educational function, which is carried out through moral norms. When a person masters moral experience, through the methods of education and persuasion, moral qualities, feelings, habits, the ability for self-discipline and self-education are formed in his mind, then, of course, the regulatory function of morality operates here. It is carried out through the rules of etiquette, communication, etc. existing in society. By the way, the latter is one of the most important mechanisms of moral regulation.
Communication performs a communicative function, which is the sign system of morality, and it was thanks to it that information was transmitted at the earliest stages of human development. In a word, the regulative function of morality is primarily carried out in a communicative way. Thanks to him, truly human relations are formed between members of society. Communication is necessary for people not only to transmit this or that useful information, but also to receive a lot of positive emotions, pleasure from this very communication. If people have the rules of communication, then this allows you to make communication more pleasant and humane.
Types and functions of communication
Man is a social being. He lives in conditions of interaction with people. Without communication, social connection is impossible. It is a specific form of interaction between people, and its social meaning is the transfer of universal experience and forms of culture from one generation to another. The child begins to speak and becomes a conscious person only in the process of communicating with adults, experienced people. Without this, he will not have the formation of the human psyche and consciousness. Surely everyone remembers the character of Kipling's book Mowgli, who, once in a pack of wolves, remains at the level of animals.
What types and functions of communication exist? Firstly, this is the communicative side, which consists in the exchange of information between people; secondly, it is an interactive side that contributes to the coordination and organization of interpersonal interactions; thirdly, this is the perceptual side, which helps partners establish trusting relationships and reach mutual understanding with each other. And it is through communication that learning occurs.
Regulatory universal learning activities
In order for a child to grow into a person capable of entering into he althy interpersonal relationships and interacting with the environment, he must learn from infancy to be a member of society. Naturally, he receives the first knowledge in the family, then he gets into the children's team (kindergarten, school), where regulatory UUD (universal learning activities) are applied. Later in the article we will try to reveal their essence and understand what they are.
This term in a broad sense means the ability to learn, self-develop, self-improve through the conscious appropriation of new knowledge and social experience. But in the narrow sense, UUD is a set of skills and methods of student action that help him independently acquire new knowledge, master unfamiliar skills and abilities, and also competently organize this process. In a word, regulatory UUD provide correction and regulation of educational activity. These include:
- goal setting;
- planning;
- prediction;
- correction;
- evaluation;
- self-regulation and others
Regulatory actions are the knowledge and skills that students must fully master by graduation.
Religion and morality
In this section, we will continue our acquaintance with the mechanisms of social regulation. This time we will talk about religion and its regulatory function. First, imagine how scientificallythis concept is interpreted. Religion is a social institution that occupies an important place in society and its structure. It acts as one of the forms of social consciousness and expresses certain ideas by which the relations of members of society with each other are regulated. These ideas exist in the form of a system of peculiar patterns of behavior and norms that arise in the form of God's commandments. In a word, believers, observing divine prescriptions, refrain from committing certain misdeeds and atrocities, because they are driven by the fear of imminent punishment, as well as the belief that a “watchful eye” is watching all their actions.
The regulatory function of religion is based on special norms of social behavior that affect even the most intimate areas of people's lives, such as food and sexual relations.
Culture as one of the mechanisms of social regulation
Culture is what distinguishes man from animals. Unlike their smaller brothers, people do not just adapt to their environment, but purposefully change it. As a result of these transformations, various ideas, symbols and values arise - the so-called artificial world, which opposes the world of naturalness, that is, nature. These values are transmitted from generation to generation exclusively through the processes of upbringing and education. This means that culture, like law and morality, also plays an important role in the process of regulating social relations.
The regulatory function of culture is tothe formation of behavior patterns through the influence of ideals, cultural norms and values, as well as patterns of behavior. In a word, culture draws around a person and society as a whole the framework within which people should act. Through culture, relationships are regulated between family members, school staff, between employees of an enterprise, etc.
Conclusion
In this article, we tried to reveal the meaning of what constitutes the regulatory function of the state. As already noted, this is an activity that is aimed at developing existing economic, legal and social relations.
