Mark Tullius Cicero… Not enough epithets of the Russian language to describe the great Roman orator, statesman, amazing sage.
About achievements
Thanks to the writings written by Mark Tullius Cicero - about the state, about the policy of emperors and kings, modern researchers can accurately describe the events of the past.
The great Roman sage preached philosophy in its special interpretation, namely, he introduced a huge number of new concepts. For example, a definition is a set of explanatory features of an object; progress - climbing, moving forward and so on.
The beginning of the era of stoicism
One of the most prominent representatives of the philosophy of Stoicism was Mark Tullius Cicero. The speaker talked a lot about the fact that the only source of happiness is nothing but human virtue. In understanding virtue, Cicero invested such personality traits as wisdom, courage, justice, moderation in all endeavors.
Sothrough his teachings and thoughts, the ancient Roman sage tried to understand what the solution to the problem of confrontation between personal gain and moral duty is. Understanding this issue, Mark Tullius Cicero came to the conclusion that it was necessary to study practical philosophy.
Culture of Ancient Rome: aesthetics, beauty and eloquence
The moral-cognitive position of the philosopher included an inseparable unity between eloquence and the highly moral content of the individual. Based on the presence of these personal qualities, according to Cicero, he could have turned out to be quite a good speaker.
A solid foundation of ancient Greek culture was laid at the heart of the development of Roman philosophy. Mark Tullius Cicero spoke about the comprehension of true philosophical thought, about the concept of its deep questions, which depend on genuine eloquence - every self-respecting Roman should have it. Teaching the art of speech is what is necessary for the society of Ancient Rome.
Along with eloquence, the philosopher emphasized the importance of moral beauty. “It is impossible to achieve deep thoughts and true knowledge if your thoughts pursue base goals,” said Cicero.
Literary heritage
Besides deep reasoning, Mark Tullius Cicero left a rich literary legacy. It is impossible to describe the scope of all writings, speeches and letters; many were recognizable during his lifetime, many not published until several centuries later. Most of the works are addressed to specific individuals - the speaker's friends Titus Pomponius and MarkTullius Tiron. In total, about 57 manuscripts survived, according to unofficial data, the same number were lost.
A huge world treasure are several works of philosophical content: the books "On the Orator", "The Orator" and "Brutus". Here Cicero discusses ideal methods for teaching and instilling the skills of oratory, and also thinks through questions about the individual style of the speaker.
It is worth noting especially the works of political content. The most famous today are the works "On the State", "On the Laws". Here Mark Tullius Cicero, whose biography contains management experience, talks about the structure of an ideal state. The ideas that he laid down in each of his works were implemented through the Roman constitution: a successful combination of such bodies as the senate, consulate and popular assembly.
To write later works, Cicero used Latin as the main language, through which he tried to find a solution to the problems of ancient Greek philosophers. A lot of information can be gleaned from the correspondence of the philosopher, which was addressed to famous personalities. In total, about 4 collections of letters have survived.
Value of philosophical teachings in the future
Thanks to the philosopher of the Roman era, classical Latin fiction was born, imbued with the wisdom of oratory, as well as deep philosophical thoughts. If initially a small amount of attention was paid to this literary direction, then in subsequent centuriesit was considered exemplary and most correct.
After the death of Cicero, he was compared with a huge number of orators, among whom was the famous Demosthenes, a representative of Greek culture and oratory. More than 100 years later, this comparison is one of the most controversial and interesting.
The philosophical teachings of Mark Tullius were valued not only in the era of modernity, but also in the fastidious Middle Ages, as well as in the bright New Age, where the recognition of the views of the past as relevant was rare. Cicero believed that the main criterion for the value of a person is his education, which can only be given by Greek culture. He first used the term humanitas to refer to a well-mannered, well-read and generally educated person with proper moral qualities.
