Near the Black and Azov Seas is the Crimean peninsula, on which a huge number of rivers and reservoirs flow. In some chronicles and other sources, it was called Taurida, which served as the name of the province of the same name. However, there are many other versions. Scientists are inclined to believe that, most likely, the real name of the peninsula arose from the word "kyrym" (Turkic language) - "shaft", "ditch".
Crimean Peninsula
Crimea is located in several climatic zones. In the area of the southern coast, subtropical prevails, in the northern part of the peninsula - temperate continental. Summer is characterized by the occurrence of seasonal dry winds.
The steppe zone of Crimea is located in the temperate climate zone. It is distinguished by very dry, hot summers and little snow in winters. The weather is quite changeable. On the one handThe peninsula is washed by the Sea of Azov, on the other side by the Black Sea. Due to this, it does not lack water flows, their number reaches 1700, among them there are both temporary and permanent ones. The main rivers of Crimea: Salgir, Chernaya, Zuya, Indole, Belbek and others. In total, there are 150 streams of various sizes.
Features of the rivers of the peninsula
The water grid in the Crimea is uneven. The largest number falls on the southern and western coast. Due to a certain climate, only some rivers of the Black Sea are covered with ice during the cold season. The longest freeze-up occurs only in the Salgir region. In the rest, water freezing is practically absent.
Due to the fact that many of the Crimean streams are small, their water content, respectively, is also small. The average water consumption is only 2.5m3/sec. In the zone of mountains, the water content of streams reaches 25 l / s per square meter. km.
The rivers that are in the steppe zone are shallow. They are distinguished by their dryness throughout the year, only in spring you can observe the current here. Occasionally it appears during snowmelt and showers. These streams are fed by snow.
Floods on the rivers of Crimea are often formed in spring and winter. At the same time, 85% of the total annual flow passes. During heavy rains, their height reaches a critical point. Rivers that originate in the mountains dry up in the middle and lower reaches.
Black River
In the southwestern region of Crimea there is a riverBlack. Its length reaches 34 km. The source is located in a valley called Baydarskaya. The mouth is the Black Sea, or rather its Sevastopol Bay. The watercourse flows through the Chernorechensky canyon. Its length is 16 km. In 1956, a reservoir was built on the Chernaya River. In the area of the gorge, its current is especially strong, as it is squeezed on both sides by rocks. After it enters the valley, the speed of the waters returns to normal. Here, the Dry River and the Aitodorka, two especially important tributaries, flow into the watercourse. The first "supplies" rainwater, and the second - aquifer.
The Black River has a special historical significance. During the Crimean War, on August 4, 1855, a battle took place on its banks.
Hydronym originated from the name of a nearby village. It has nothing to do with the color of the stream. The Chernaya River on the Schmit map, on which it is mentioned for the first time, had no designation, that is, it was not signed at all. Only by 1790 did its first name appear - Kirmen. A little later, in other sources, the watercourse is referred to as Kazykly-Umen. Only in 1817 its modern name, Chernaya, was born, as evidenced by the map of General Mukhin. After several decades, this hydronym was finally established.
Belbek
The length of Belbek is 63 km. It is located in the southwest of the peninsula. The source is located at the junction of the Ozenbash and Managotra rivers. Just like the Chernaya River, it flows into the Black Sea near the settlement of Lyubimovka. It is the deepest river in Crimea. The upper reaches of the waterThe streams are represented by turbulent waters that never dry up, a narrow channel, high and steep banks, as well as a fairly fast current. In the river valley there is a very large number of cities and villages. And also here are some significant sights of the Crimea.
In the lower zone of the river, the water speed is low. In the 20th century, in the area near the mouth, the Belbek channel was divided into two separate ones, as the stream constantly overflowed under the influence of rains. However, at present, the depth of the river has dropped significantly, as a result of which only a new branch is filled with water.
In the mountains, the river valley narrows. Its depth at its narrowest point is 160 m, its width is 300 m. Grottoes were discovered in it a few years ago.
Rivers of the Black Sea
The Black Sea basin includes most of the rivers not only in Europe, but also in Asia. The vast majority of them are full-flowing streams. A distinctive feature of these rivers is that they seem to store water in order to give it to the sea at the confluence. Because of this, the height of the water at the mouth is many times higher than the level of the Atlantic Ocean. The Danube brings the largest amount. In addition to small rivers, such large European watercourses as the Dniester and the Dnieper also flow here. The northern part of the reservoir is replenished by the Southern Bug, which flows through the entire territory of Ukraine. Its length is 806 km. The western part is fed by the rivers of Bulgaria - Kamchia and Veleka.
The flow for the whole year exceeds 310 km3. It is worth noting that 80% of this figure is the waters of the Danube andDnieper. An important difference between the Black Sea and some others is that it has a positive balance. Its outflow equates to 300 km3 per year. Water enters the Marmara, Aegean, and Mediterranean Seas through the Bosphorus. Thanks to the last reservoir, warm water with a higher concentration of s alts flows here.
The rivers of the Crimean peninsula are fed in various ways. The Black River is no exception. It is characterized by a mixed type, in which rainwater replenishment predominates. In winter, most of the rivers are water-bearing, floods occur constantly. In summer, due to the climate, some streams dry up completely.
