What is the nomadic lifestyle? A nomad is a member of a community of homeless people who regularly move to the same areas and also travel the world. As of 1995, there were about 30–40 million nomads on the planet. Now they are expected to be much smaller.
Life support
Nomadic hunting and gathering, with seasonally available wild plants and game, is by far the oldest method of human livelihood. These activities are directly related to the nomadic lifestyle. Nomadic pastoralists raise herds, lead them or travel with them (on horseback), making routes that usually include pastures and oases.
Nomadism involves adaptation to barren regions such as the steppe, tundra, desert, where mobility is the most efficient strategy for exploiting scarce resources. For example, many groups in the tundra are reindeer herders and semi-nomadic precisely because of the need to seasonally feed theiranimals.
Other Features
Sometimes "nomadic" is also referred to as various moving populations who travel through densely populated areas and do not support themselves at the expense of natural resources, but by offering various services (this may be a craft or trade) to the permanent population. These groups are known as the Peripatetic nomads.
A nomad is a person who does not have a permanent home, he moves from place to place to get food, find pasture for livestock or earn a living in another way. The European word "nomad" for nomads comes from the Greek, which literally means "one who roams the pasture". Most nomadic groups follow a fixed yearly or seasonal pattern of movement and settlement. Nomadic peoples traditionally travel by animal, canoe or on foot. Today, some travel by car. Most of them live in tents or other shelters. Nomad housing, however, is not particularly diverse.
Reasons for this lifestyle
These people keep moving around the world for various reasons. What did the nomads do and what do they continue to do in our time? They move in search of game, edible plants and water. For example, Australian aborigines, savages of Southeast Asia, Africa traditionally move from camp to camp to hunt and collect wild plants.
Some tribes in America also followed a nomadic way of life. pastoral nomadsearn their living by raising animals such as camels, cattle, goats, horses, sheep or yaks. The Gaddi tribe in the state of Himachal Pradesh in India is one such. These nomads travel to find more camels, goats and sheep, making long journeys through the deserts of Arabia and northern Africa. The Fulani and their cattle travel through the grasslands of Niger in West Africa. Some nomadic peoples, especially pastoralists, may also raid settled communities. Nomadic artisans and traders travel to find and serve customers. These include blacksmiths from Lohar in India, gypsy traders and Irish travelers.
Long way to find a home
In the case of Mongolian nomads, the family moves twice a year. This usually happens in summer and winter. The winter location is near the mountains in the valley, and most families already have fixed and chosen wintering grounds. Such locations are equipped with animal shelters and are not used by other families in their absence. In summer they move to a more open area where livestock can graze. Most nomads usually ply in the same region and rarely go beyond it.
Communities, communities, tribes
Because they usually circle a large area, they become members of communities of people with a similar lifestyle, and all families usually know where the others are. Often they don't have the resources to move from one province to another unless they leave the area permanently. The family can move independently ortogether with others, and if it travels alone, its members are usually no more than a couple of kilometers away from the nearest nomadic community. There are currently no tribes, so decisions are made among family members, although elders consult with each other on standard community matters. The geographical proximity of families usually results in mutual support and solidarity.
Pastoral nomadic societies usually do not boast large populations. One such society, the Mongols, produced the largest land empire in history. Initially, the Mongols consisted of loosely organized nomadic tribes that lived in Mongolia, Manchuria and Siberia. At the end of the 12th century, Genghis Khan united them and other nomadic tribes to establish the Mongol Empire, which eventually stretched across Asia.
Gypsies are the most famous nomadic people
Gypsies are an Indo-Aryan, traditionally itinerant ethnic group living mainly in Europe and America and originating from the North Indian subcontinent - from the areas of Rajasthan, Haryana, Punjab. Gypsy camps are widely known - special communities characteristic of this people.
Houses
Doma is a sub-ethnic group of gypsies, often considered a separate people, living throughout the Middle East, North Africa, the Caucasus, Central Asia and parts of the Indian subcontinent. The traditional language of the houses is Domari, an endangered Indo-Aryan language, which makes this peopleIndo-Aryan ethnic group. They were associated with another traditionally itinerant ethnic group, the Indo-Aryans, also called the Roma or Romani people (also known in Russian as the Gypsies). The two groups are thought to have split off from each other, or at least partly share a common history. In particular, their ancestors left the northern Indian subcontinent sometime between the 6th and 1st centuries. Houses also live in the likeness of a gypsy camp.
Eruki
Yeruks are nomads who live in Turkey. However, some groups, such as the Sarıkeçililer, continue to lead a nomadic lifestyle, traveling between the coastal cities of the Mediterranean and the Taurus Mountains.
Mongols
Mongols are an ethnic group of East Central Asian descent from Mongolia and the Mengjiang province of China. They are listed as minorities in other regions of China (for example, in Xinjiang), as well as in Russia. Mongolian peoples belonging to the Buryat and Kalmyk subgroups live mainly in the subjects of the Russian Federation - Buryatia and Kalmykia.
Mongols are bound by a common heritage and ethnic identity. Their native dialects are collectively known as the Mongolian language. The ancestors of modern Mongols are referred to as Proto-Mongols.
At different times, the Mongolian peoples were equated with the Scythians, Magogs and Tungus. Based on Chinese historical texts, the origin of the Mongolian peoples can be traced back to Donghu - a nomadicconfederation that occupied eastern Mongolia and Manchuria. Features of the nomadic way of life of the Mongols were already evident at that time.
