Reading blueprints is a mandatory skill and condition for employment as an engineer of any qualification. This document is the main component of each project, without which neither the development of an oil and gas field nor the construction of a residential building will begin. To successfully work with this documentation, the employee must have knowledge of the exact sciences and have certain drawing skills. In this case, reading the drawings will not cause difficulties.
Design organizations provide the operating company with several copies of documentation sets. One of them is a working option for the developer company, designed to properly organize the work of the engineering staff directly on the site.
Reading construction drawings allows you to determine the purpose of the building, its exact dimensions, the location of equipment, as well as the types of structures and materials. Here, the projected object is shown in three versions: facade, plan and sections (longitudinal and transverse). AtExamining the image of the facade, you can see the general view of the building and the height of all elements relative to the floor level. This information is read on the marks to the left of the main figure. The site plan clearly shows the location of the entrance and exit, the number of rooms and their purpose, as well as the dimensions and thickness of the bearing walls and partitions.
When designing a complex of residential or industrial buildings, during the development of gas and oil fields, at the first stage, a master plan for the construction site is developed. Reading the master plan drawing gives a general idea of the area. It schematically depicts the layout of buildings, structures, engineering networks, as well as possible natural objects that fall into the development area. If there is an artificial embankment of the territory, the drawings show its section with the dimensions and material of the embankment.
In addition, for dangerous and potentially dangerous objects, sections of ITM GO Emergencies (engineering and technical measures of civil defense, measures to prevent emergency situations) and PB (fire safety) are being developed. For this, the drawings of the general plan are used, which indicate the zones of possible damage, their dimensions and the place of the accident (rupture of the pressure pipeline). A detailed reading of the drawings of these sections allows you to plan and carry out the necessary rescue activities in a timely manner, since it indicates the places of entrance of fire equipment and the evacuation routes for personnel.
Onimages of process pipelines contain information about the types of pipes, their diameters, wall thickness, as well as the number and types of valves and adapters.
In order for reading the drawings to give a complete picture of the projected object, a system of abbreviations and symbols is used, which, together with the requirements and norms for the development of design documentation, is regulated by the state standards of the Russian Federation according to the ESKD system.
