Definitively unemployment in the USSR disappeared in 1930. People in the pursuit of a better life and the dream of communism begin to work tirelessly. The leaders of production have the greatest honor. Who are they? This is the working class. Workers who, according to some indicators, overtake their colleagues.
Illustration
Joseph Stalin on May 4, 1935 gave another directive to the party. It was about the fact that people should master the technique, become real professionals in first-class plants and factories of the USSR. It is then that the country will receive an effect three or four times more than it is at that time.
The basis of the working class in the factories at that time were uneducated peasants who fled from the devastated villages to the city in search of a better life. In order to show them how to work for the good of the Motherland, a heroic example was needed. In 1935-36, the workers began to look up to the Stakhanovites as an example of leaders in production. Who are these people and how did they become so famous?
Stakhanovites
The Stakhanovite movement became a form of socialist competition in the USSR. Stakhanov Alexei Grigorievich became the founder of this phenomenon, thanks to the fact that he did the impossible. During the shift from August 30 to August 31, 1935, he exceeded the norm for cutting coal by 14 times. Alexey showed an example of incredible diligence. The incident took place in Ukraine in the Central Irmino mine. Since that time, all the foremost workers in the production of the USSR began to look up to him, the workers began to be unofficially called Stakhanovites. For his feat, the leader received an award - the title of Hero of Socialist Labor. The miners immediately picked up the initiative of the worker. Later, all employees joined the secret competitions.
The blacksmith Busygin was also noted among the foremost Soviet-made workers. He worked at the Gorky Automobile Plant and forged 966 crankshafts in one shift at a rate of 675 pieces.
News about the Stakhanovites was constantly published by the Izvestia newspaper. For example, congresses of production leaders with Stalin were covered, as well as reports on the work done. The state desperately needed professionals. The first five-year plans required skilled workers, and it is better to train people using the examples of workers.
Race work
Stakhanovite brigades organized everywhere. Races milked cows, sewed robes and clothes, pickled cucumbers, and smelted steel. Newspapers were full of headlines about the next victories. There was even an example of a patient who arbitrarily left the hospital withan appendicitis attack to set a new production record.
Also noted in the history of Gudov - a milling machine operator from the Ordzhonikidze plant. He was awarded for exceeding the daily allowance four times. The namesakes Vinogradovs managed to simultaneously service 100 machines in the textile industry.
Unfortunately, Alexei Stakhanov ended his life sadly. After his retirement, he drank himself, and they tried not to talk about him. The first Stakhanovite passed away in 1977.
Title of Hero of Labor
The award appeared in the 20s. It was received for special achievements in exceeding the plan.
Forerunners of production, who worked hard, were constantly presented with necessary signs of life in the household. For example, a Stakhanovite collective farmer boasted in an interview about what she received as a reward:
- gramophone;
- bed;
- dress;
- shoes;
- sewing machine.
Such gifts were made not so much to enrich the leaders as to raise their cultural level. The reward was often also given hunting rifles, bicycles, compositions of the classics. Most of them came from poor villages, and such gifts were a luxury for them.
Forefront Soviet-made workers
22 thousand people until 1991 were awarded the title of Hero of Labor and Hero of Socialist Labor. Below is a photo of the production leaders during the workflow.
This title was also awarded to the first persons of the state. Awarded three times:
- Nikita Khrushchev;
- Dimmukhamed Kunaev.
Money rewards excited novice workers. So, the salary of a low-paid worker was about 120 rubles. The salary of an ordinary miner-slaughterer is 500 rubles, while the one who overfulfilled the norm received 1,500 rubles. This strongly motivated people to work harder and produced huge results. So in the second five-year plan, the growth of labor productivity increased from 41% to 82%. The union also believed that Stakhanov's salaries could only be received at home, since the growth of labor productivity among the capitalists only leads to the enrichment of the owner.
Unfortunately, the music did not play for long, soon Stakhanov's salaries were reduced, and thanks to their records, production rates were increased. In addition, during the period of the Stakhanovites, the pen alties for being late and absenteeism were greatly tightened. As a punishment for the latter, one could even get a prison term. Criminal pen alties were also introduced for leaving work without permission and for being more than 20 minutes late. The punishments were later commuted.
