The reality is that every society, without exception, faces certain dangers that the world around us is fraught with. They have different sources of origin, differ in their nature and intensity, but they are united by the fact that if they are ignored, the consequences can be catastrophic. Even the most insignificant social threat at first glance can lead to a popular revolt, armed conflicts, and even to the disappearance of the country from the map of the Earth.
Definition of "danger"
To understand what it is, you must first define the term. "Danger" is one of the fundamental categories of the science of life safety. In addition, it should be noted that most authors agree that threats, along with ways to protect against them, are the subject of study of the same science.
According to S. I. Ozhegov, danger is the possibility of something bad, some kind of misfortune.
Such a definition is very conditional and does not reveal the full complexity of the concept under consideration. For a comprehensive analysis, it is necessary to give the term a deeper definition. Danger in a broad sense can be interpreted as real or potential phenomena, processes or events that can really harm each individual, a certain group of people, the entire population of a particular country or the world community as a whole. This harm can be expressed in the form of material damage, destruction of spiritual and moral values and principles, degradation and involution of society.
The term "danger" should not be confused with "threat". Although they are related concepts, “threat” refers to the openly expressed intent of a person to harm another person physically or materially or society as a whole. Thus, this is a danger passing from the stage of probability to the stage of reality, that is, already acting, existing.
Object and subject of danger
When considering hazards, it is necessary to take into account the interaction of their subject, on the one hand, and the object, on the other.
The subject is its carrier or source, which is represented by individuals, the social environment, the technical sphere, and also nature.
Objects, in turn, are those that are subject to a threat or danger (individual, social environment, state, world community).
It should be noted that a person can be both a subject and an object of danger. Moreover, it has an obligation to ensure security. In other words, he is her "regulator".
Classification of hazards
Today, there are about 150 names of potential hazards, and this, according to some authors, is far from a complete list. In order to develop the most effective measures that would prevent or at least reduce their negative consequences and negative impact on a person, it is advisable to systematize them. The classification of hazards is one of the central topics of discussion among specialists. However, numerous heated debates up to the present time have not brought the expected results - a generally accepted classification has not been developed.
According to one of the most complete typologies, there are the following types of dangers.
Depending on the nature of origin:
- natural, due to natural phenomena and processes, relief features, climatic conditions;
- environmental, due to any changes in the natural environment that adversely affect its quality;
- anthropogenic, resulting from human activities and its direct impact on the environment through the use of various technical means;
- technogenic, arising in response to the production and economic activities of peopleat facilities related to the technosphere.
The intensity is distinguished:
- dangerous;
- very dangerous.
The scale of coverage is distinguished:
- local (within a specific locality);
- regional (within a specific region);
- interregional (within several regions);
- global, affecting the whole world.
By duration note:
- periodic or temporary;
- permanent.
As perceived by the human senses:
- felt;
- not felt.
Depending on the number of people at risk:
- individual;
- group;
- bulk.
What about the classification of social hazards
Social dangers, or as they are also called public, are heterogeneous in nature. However, there is one feature that unites them all: they carry a threat to a huge number of people, even if at first glance it seems that they are directed directly at a specific person. For example, a person who takes drugs dooms not only himself to suffering, but also his relatives, friends and relatives, who are forced to live in fear because of the "vice" of a person they care about and love.
Threats are numerous, which necessitates their orderliness. A generally accepted classification does not exist today. However, one of the most commontypologies notes the following types of social dangers.
- Economic - poverty, hyperinflation, unemployment, mass migration, etc.
- Political - separatism, excessive manifestation of nationalism, chauvinism, the problem of national minorities, national conflicts, extremism, genocide, etc.
- Demographic - the growth of the planet's population at a tremendous pace, illegal migration, which is currently reaching terrifying proportions, overpopulation in some countries, on the one hand, and the extinction of nations, on the other, the so-called social diseases, which include, for example, tuberculosis and AIDS, etc.
- Family - alcoholism, homelessness, prostitution, domestic violence, drug addiction, etc.
Alternative classification of social hazards
They can be classified according to a number of other principles.
There are social dangers by nature:
- affecting the human psyche (cases of blackmail, extortion, fraud, theft, etc.);
- related to physical violence (cases of banditry, racketeering, terror, robbery, etc.);
- caused by the possession, use and distribution of narcotic or other psychoactive substances (drugs, alcohol, tobacco products, illicit smoking mixtures, etc.);
- resulting mainly from unprotected sexual intercourse (AIDS, sexually transmitted diseases, etc.).
By gender and age, there are hazards specific to:
- children;
- teenagers;
- men/women;
- peopleold age.
Depending on training (organization):
- planned;
- involuntary.
Knowing the types of hazards is important. This will allow timely action to be taken to prevent or quickly eliminate them.
Sources and causes of social dangers
The he alth and lives of people can be threatened not only by natural hazards, but also by social ones. Attention should be paid to all types, since ignoring them can lead to disastrous consequences. Sources of danger are also called prerequisites, the main of which are the various social and economic processes taking place in society. These processes, in turn, are not spontaneous, but are conditioned by the actions of a person, that is, by his actions. Certain actions depend on the level of intellectual development of a person, his prejudices, moral and moral values, the totality of which ultimately determines and outlines his line of behavior in the family, group and society. Wrong behavior, or rather deviant, is a deviation from the norm and creates a real threat to others. Thus, it can be argued that the imperfection of human nature is one of the most important sources of social dangers.
Often the causes of social dangers, unrest, developing into conflicts, lie in the need or lack of something. These include, for example, a pathological lack of money, lack of adequate living conditions, lack of attention, respect and love from close and dear people,the impossibility of self-realization, lack of recognition, the ever-growing problem of inequality in society, ignoring and unwillingness of the authorities to understand and solve the difficulties that the country's population faces daily, etc.
When considering the causes of social threats, it is necessary to rely on the principle that “everything affects everything”, that is, the sources of danger are everything animate and inanimate, threatening people or nature in all its diversity.
Summarizing the above, we can conclude that the main sources of danger are:
- processes, as well as phenomena that are of natural origin;
- elements that make up the man-made environment;
- deeds and actions of a person.
The reasons why some objects suffer more and others do not suffer at all depend on the specific properties of those objects.
What is the social danger of crime?
The figures showing the annual increase in crime in the world are simply amazing and involuntarily make you think about the meaning of life. Any person, regardless of gender, age, race or religion, can become a victim of illegal, violent actions. Here we are talking more about the case, and not about the regularity. Realizing the seriousness of the situation and the responsibility that adults bear for the life and he alth of children, they try to explain to their children in as much detail as possible what the social danger of crime is, how it canturn around negligence, overconfidence or frivolity. Every child must be aware that a crime is a deliberate act directed against one person or group of persons. It is socially dangerous, and the offender who committed the crime must be punished accordingly.
In the classical sense, crime is the most dangerous manifestation of deviant behavior that causes significant damage to society. Crime, in turn, is an act of encroachment on the public order. Violations of the law are not natural hazards. They do not arise due to natural phenomena beyond the control of man, but consciously come from the individual and are directed against him. Crime "flourishes" in a society dominated by the poor, vagrancy is common, the number of dysfunctional families is growing, and drug addiction, alcoholism and prostitution are not perceived by most of society as something out of the ordinary.
Main types of socially dangerous crimes
Crimes are undoubtedly serious social dangers. BJD (Life Safety) notes the following most common crimes that have a negative impact on the environment: terror, fraud, robbery, blackmail, rape.
Terror is violence with the use of physical force up to and including death.
Fraud is a crime, the essence of which is to take possession of another's propertythrough deception.
Robbery is a crime, the purpose of which is also the taking of other people's property. However, unlike fraud, robbery involves the use of violence that is dangerous to the he alth or life of people.
Blackmail is a crime that involves the threat of exposing a person in order to obtain from him various kinds of tangible or intangible benefits.
Rape is a crime that is forced sexual intercourse during which the victim is in a helpless state.
Summary of the main types of social dangers
Recall that social dangers include: drug addiction, alcoholism, sexually transmitted diseases, terror, fraud, robbery, blackmail, rape, etc. Let's consider these threats to public order in more detail.
- Drug addiction is one of the strongest human addictions. Addiction to such substances is a serious disease, almost untreatable. An individual who uses drugs, in a state of such intoxication, does not give an account of his actions. His mind is clouded and his movements are slow. In a moment of euphoria, the line between reality and dream is erased, the world seems beautiful, and life is rosy. The stronger this feeling, the faster the habituation. However, drugs are not cheap “pleasure”. In search of funds to purchase the next dose, the addict is capable of theft, extortion, robbery for profit, and even murder.
- Alcoholism is a diseasedue to addiction to alcoholic beverages. An alcoholic is characterized by a gradual mental degradation associated with the appearance of a number of specific diseases. The peripheral and central nervous system suffer significantly. An alcoholic condemns not only himself, but his entire family to torment.
- Venereal diseases - AIDS, gonorrhea, syphilis, etc. Their social danger lies in the fact that they are spreading at a tremendous speed and threaten the he alth and life of not only the directly ill, but humanity as a whole. Among other things, patients often hide the truth about their he alth from others, irresponsibly have sexual intercourse with them, thereby spreading the infection at a tremendous pace.
Protection from social dangers
In his daily life, a person inevitably faces certain threats. Today we consider social dangers. BZD, that is, protection from them, is one of the most important functions of any state. Officials, other statesmen are obliged to ensure the safety of the population, which has delegated the right of government to them. Their immediate responsibilities include the development and implementation of measures, as well as preventive measures, the purpose of which is to prevent or eliminate various kinds of dangers. Practice has shown that ignoring or neglecting social threats leads to the fact that the situation in society is significantly aggravated, becomes practically uncontrollable andpasses over time into an extreme stage, acquires the features and characteristics of an emergency. Social dangers lie in wait for humanity everywhere. Examples of the life of drug addicts, alcoholics, criminals should always remind us that we are responsible for what is happening around and are obliged to help the needy and the disadvantaged as far as possible. Only by working together can we make the world a better place.
