Inventive activity is a creative process that allows a person to embody the acquired knowledge in order to create the necessary conditions for a comfortable existence. This process allows you to continuously learn about the world around you, satisfy spiritual needs, develop in different directions, and it began from the time of the appearance of man.
It is the inventive activity of man that constantly changes the world and helps to acquire something that was not originally provided for by nature. Only humans have this kind of interaction with the outside world.
First tools
The very first tools of labor are an ax, a hammer and a knife. Our ancestors had stone axes a quarter of a million years ago. They began to use metal knives about 8 thousand years ago. The oldest nails known to archaeologists were created in the Middle East. They date back to around 3500 BC. Madewere made of copper and strengthened the statue, also made of copper. Around 3000 BC, the Egyptians were cutting wood and stone with saws. Traces of these files can be found on the blocks from which the pyramids were built.
First cars
A striking example of inventive activity is the creation of cars. The first gasoline-powered cars were designed by the Germans Benz (1885, three-wheeled) and Daimler (1887, four-wheeled). These cars were more like wagons, in which harnessed horses were replaced by a built-in internal combustion engine. The French Tanhar and Levassor have designed a car that already looks more like the cars we are used to.
First skyscraper
The ten-story Home Insurance Building in Chicago (USA) was the first in the world to be built like a skyscraper in 1885. The basis for it was a skeleton of load-bearing steel structures. Therefore, its walls could be relatively thin and light, since the reinforced concrete structure was the support. Skyscrapers built this way can today reach incredible heights.
Window discs
Glass was first made 5,000 years ago. It consists of molten quartz sand and soda. Before the invention of flat glass in France in the 17th century, production was difficult and difficult. The easiest way was to make small round discs from glass. The technique has changed, but the word "disk", which means a round plate, is still used in German as the name of rectangularwindow panes.
In the manufacture of flat glass, liquid glass was poured onto a metal plate. When it hardened, it was ground on both sides. Today, molten glass is poured onto molten tin.
First aqueducts
In the big cities of ancient civilizations - from India to Rome - thousands of years ago, water pipes with drinking water were separated from sewage. In the city of Mohenjo-Daro on the Indus River, about 4 thousand years ago, they had their own water pipes and even public baths. More than a million inhabitants lived in the huge city of Rome, drinking water was brought from the mountains to the city through special pipes. Rich houses, of course, had their own baths and running water.
Invention of metals
It is hard to imagine the modern world without metal products, they surround us everywhere, and it seems that they have always been. But this is also the result of inventive human activity. About 5 thousand years ago, people first mixed copper and tin and got a new metal - bronze, which played such an important role in the development of culture and technology that a whole historical period - the Bronze Age - was named after it. The Iron Age began 3.5 thousand years ago, when the Hittites first melted iron ore into iron in what is now Turkey. For the manufacture of weapons and military equipment, iron was more suitable than bronze. Whoever owned the iron, he owned the world. Cast iron was discovered by the Chinese as early as 600 BC. Their blast furnaces were better than those in Europe, where iron was obtained only in 1400. This metal was stronger than iron.
In India, in 1000 BC, steel was made - carbon was added to iron, which made this metal harder and stronger. The first stainless steel appeared only in 1913, when the Englishman Wirley mixed steel with chromium.
Aluminum is the youngest metal. Given its lightness, it is manufactured and processed in large quantities. In 1825, the Danish physicist Oersted made the first aluminum by heating aluminum chloride together with potassium. The raw material for aluminum production is bauxite, which is alumina.
Military inventions
The definition of "inventive activity" includes not only the realization of goals for a more comfortable existence, but also the development of military equipment, more effective military means. In the 19th and 20th centuries, improvement in this direction gained new momentum: submarines, tanks, and the first aircraft were created. The period of the Cold War led to the invention and accumulation of the most dangerous for mankind nuclear weapons, jet aircraft, nuclear submarines, chemical and biological weapons.
Nanotechnology
Today, examples of inventive activity are genetic engineering, nanotechnology and robotics. It is difficult to imagine what awaits civilization in the near future, because development affects all areas, from space exploration to the creation of artificial organisms and intelligence. Huge amounts of money are now being invested in nanotechnology, and many scientists are involved in the development. The creation of nanorobots is predicted, which will be introduced intothe human body to cleanse from cancer cells and cholesterol, to deliver a certain drug to the affected organ. Just as DNA molecules create copies of themselves from simple molecules during the growth of the body, nanorobots will copy in the future using certain programs. There is a hypothesis that the replacement of man by more resilient machines is a natural stage in the development of society. Humanity can only speculate what such inventive activity might lead to.
