Shaft - what is it? It turns out that this short word has many meanings. It is applied in several areas of life. For example, in engineering, economics, architecture. It also has a figurative meaning. Detailed information that this is a shaft will be given in the article.
Dictionary interpretation
Dictionaries give a large number of meanings for the word "shaft", which look like this:
- Mound of earth or soil, which differs in some length, a fence that is used as a fortification or fortification. Example, "When creating a fortress, they decided to surround it with a powerful earthen rampart, equipped with a deep moat on the approaches."
- A sea wave that has a great height. Example: "The storm was growing, and a steep, frothy, green shaft of the wave completely covered the small boat."
- In economics, a designation for the total volume of output produced in a given period. Example: "At the meeting, it was decided to refuse to perform profitable work on the shaft to the detriment of those that arenecessary".
In engineering and architecture
The word "shaft" is also used in these areas of human activity.
- In engineering, a shaft is equipment that is an elongated rod that is mounted on supports and transmits rotational motion from one part in the mechanism to another. Example: "The master concluded that the new mechanism can be installed instead of the old one, but this will require the replacement of the intermediate steering shaft."
- Architecturally, the shaft is a so-called bummer, which is semicircular in cross section. Example: "Semenov expressed regret that in construction today, as in former times, the shaft is still the defining element in so many architectural solutions."
Other values
Next, we will also consider other meanings of the word we are studying.
- In a figurative sense, the shaft is the highest rise or massive influx of something. Example: "When the journalists became aware of the girl's misadventures, a powerful angry newspaper wave fell upon her."
- View of the street that usually runs where the rampart used to be. Example: "Sushchevsky Val Street is a major highway in the northern part of Moscow."
Synonyms
Synonyms for the word we are studying include:
- mound;
- hill;
- fence;
- structure;
- traverse;
- nadolba;
- notch;
- sastruga;
- scarp;
- hill;
- cavalier;
- wave;
- detail;
- spindle;
- rotating cylinder;
- rod;
- drum;
- slider;
- roller;
- banquet;
- gate;
- street.
As you can see, the list is long.
Stable combinations and phraseological units
For the term we are studying, they look like:
- Shaft bring down.
- Crankshaft.
- Drive shaft.
- PTO.
- Camshaft.
- The ninth wave.
The expression "The Ninth Wave" has several meanings. Consider them.
- The force majeure symbol, which is quite common in art. It is based on the belief that during a storm, the ninth wave is the strongest and most dangerous.
- A painting by Ivan Aivazovsky, an outstanding Russian marine painter.
- The name of the village located in Primorsky Krai, in the Nadezhdinsky district.
- The name of the intellectual television game hosted by Boris Burda, journalist, bard, writer.
- A satirical magazine that was published in 1906 in St. Petersburg.
Origin of the word
According to etymologists, the linguistic object we are studying comes from the Proto-Slavic val. The Old Russian and Church Slavonic val also came from him. Similar words are also found in Ukrainian, Serbo-Croatian,Slovenian, Polish, Czech. All of them are used in the meaning of “shaft, wave, skating rink.”
Close to them are such words as “failure”, “collapse”, “dump”, as well as “to bring down”, the Old Russian and Ukrainian “vality”. As well as the Lithuanian volė, meaning a wooden mallet, a roll, and the Eastern Lithuanian volióti - “roll”, the Latvian uolît - “roll, twirl”. It is believed that the original source of the above words is the ancient Indian lexeme válati in the meaning of "turns, turns, rolls."
The painting "The Ninth Wave"
This is one of the most famous works of Ivan Aivazovsky, a Russian artist whose main theme was seascapes and battles. Currently, it is in St. Petersburg, in the Russian Museum, where it got in 1897, having been transferred there from the Hermitage.
The painter depicts the sea on it at a time when a very strong storm continues on it, as well as people who were shipwrecked. Huge waves are illuminated by the rays of the sun. The largest of the waves - the ninth wave - is about to crash on people who are making desperate attempts to escape by grabbing onto the wreckage of the mast.
Despite the fact that only this mast remains from the destroyed ship, those who are on it are still alive, and they continue to fight against the mighty elements. According to art critics, the warm tones that abound in the canvas make the sea not quite harsh. They allow the viewer to hope for the salvation of brave and courageous people.
