The danger of piercing and cutting objects has been known for a long time, and today schoolchildren are told about it, adults know about it. Given the risks associated with the operation of such products, they are subject to a number of restrictions, in particular, for transportation in public transport. It is necessary to understand what belongs to the list of such items, what constitutes a high-risk product and under what conditions its operation is unacceptable.
About knives
It is necessary not only to have an idea about the indicated group of products for an adult, but also to regularly conduct classes for children. Stitching and cutting objects are found in everyday life - these are knives and a number of similar products. There are specialized types and formats of knives that do not belong to this class, such as cleavers or shaving knives. The first country to pass laws on the definition of piercingcutting objects, became Germany. The legislation in force in our country is partly based on the wording and definitions of the German judicial system.
According to the definition, piercing and cutting objects are such weapons, the use of which, with the application of a certain physical effort (due to muscles), allows you to inflict a stabbing blow or provoke a chopping wound. Cutting and piercing are melee weapons. Previously, this was considered combat, was used not only for defense, but also for attack. Scope of use - hand-to-hand combat. The weapon was carried in a special case on a belt on the belt. A fairly common type of previously used edged weapons is a bayonet attached to a rifle. Combat knives were used to neutralize and incapacitate the enemy, to completely eliminate the enemy. In 1930, a new law was passed in Germany to deal with the problem of the abuse of the use of such products. This normative act does not provide an explanation for the term "piercing-cutting".
Regulations: progress in understanding
According to the law, stabbing and cutting objects are products designed to deliver the appropriate type of impact. In 1972, they pass a new law on the storage of weapons. It is the first mention of the fact that harm is done through the use of muscle power.
It is necessary to understand that not every knife falls under the regulations of the current legislation. Restrictions apply only to products designedspecifically for the purpose of harming another, while the cause of them should be the targeted use of the object, and the final blow should be chopping, stabbing. That is, it is possible to talk about a specific classification of objects considered in the current material if the object is designed specifically to cause physical harm to another person.
Who's who?
When trying to figure out what refers to piercing and cutting objects, it must be remembered that knives belong to this category if they are designed to be used against a person. These are a variety of combat tactical, sabers and knives for hunters, bayonets and other similar products. But pocket knives, multifunctional kits and products for mowing, gutting fish and slaughtering livestock cannot be called the term in question - this will be a violation of existing laws on the nuances of storing weapons. There are no restrictions with regard to copies of a real piercing and cutting object, if the copy is made for a theatrical production and similar use, is a props and does not have a really sharpened blade, a sharp tip. Cannot be classified as piercing and cutting sports equipment, resembling knives and similar objects in their shape and appearance.
Technically described categories cannot be attributed to weapons, since the main purpose of such items is not to be used in combat against the enemy. For example, the machete is not included in the list of piercing and cutting objects, since it was created to destroy bushes. But designed forcombat knife throughout the history of its existence was used to harm another person - this is its intended use.
Risks and nuances
However, although the above does not allow us to classify, say, cleavers as weapons, it is still necessary to observe safety precautions when working with such items. Punching and cutting products, even if they are not intended to harm another person, can cause injury and even death. Current laws stipulate: the operation of which products is associated with increased risks.
Purchase of piercing and cutting products is practically not limited by the current legislation. There is no provision for obtaining a special permit, as is true, for example, for a situation of desire to acquire a firearm. Minors cannot buy piercing-cutting combat items, and there are no restrictions for other citizens of our country. Also, such weapons cannot be transferred to minors. Upon reaching the age of eighteen, a person receives the full right to carry weapons that can inflict chopping blows and stabbing wounds.
Psychology and security
Since sharp, piercing, cutting objects are very common in our lives, scientists have been attracted more than once by the peculiarities of human perception of such products, which are associated with increased dangers. Particularly interesting are the works of German scientists devoted to this area. As researchers have determined, in many ways, a person is controlled by the instinct of fear inherent at the level of genetics. We don't evenwe are aware of such, while it corrects our behavior, reactions to events and objects. Such fear is due to genetics, transmitted from animal ancestors. Due to such unconscious fear, when danger appears, muscle tissues tighten, a person is mobilized. The opposite is also possible - a person loses his will and cannot move, becomes numb and becomes completely defenseless.
Sharp, piercing and cutting objects are always a source of fear. Already at their sight, muscle tissue is reduced. On the other hand, the peculiarity of these products is that they hit hard tissues most effectively, while it is possible to pierce soft tissues only with great difficulty. As professionals assure, the main rule, the basis of the art of handling such products is the ability to relax in time, controlling this process consciously. For this, self-order options are used, which allow you to set a subconscious confidence in the optimal development of the situation.
Features and shapes
To follow the rules for working with piercing and cutting objects, you need to understand what belongs to this category. As can be seen from judicial practice, in our time, damage caused by this type of product is very common, and approximately 15% of deaths due to violent causes fall on the share of this type of product. There is a collective concept of "sharp", which includes all products equipped with a blade and a pointed end. The division into categories and groups is based on a number of individual characteristics. So, those objects are called piercing,which have a sharp end, cutting ones have a blade, and piercing-cutting ones have both. There are also chopping objects with a blade (they weigh a lot), sawing, equipped with a serrated edge, various combined ones. Referring to the current legislation, one can find examples of lists. So, to stabbing belong:
- nails;
- forks;
- peak;
- knitting needles.
Cutters are:
- braid;
- metal edge;
- knife;
- razor.
Piercing-cutting - these are blades, knives of various types and formats.
Weapon and harm from it
If the rules for working with piercing and cutting objects are not followed, with the intentional use of such products in order to harm another person, various injuries occur. Their nature depends on the product used. Perhaps cutting, piercing, damage can be combined. It will not be difficult for a forensic scientist to distinguish which injuries were inflicted by blunt and which by sharp objects. Assessing the condition of the wound, one can understand what the blade was like, how sharp the product used was. Each type of sharp tool has its own unique features. Assessing the morphology of the affected tissues, it is possible to identify the structure of the object, as a result, the species affiliation. A sharp object causes a person to get scratches, wounds. Soft tissues suffer more often, less often - the skeletal system, cartilage. A sharp object may become blunt, resulting in a change in its characteristics and properties.
BMostly piercing and cutting objects are equipped with handles. If the blade is fully immersed in the body, the hilt may hit tissue near the hole. What will cause the formation of bruising, abrasions. Assessing the shape of the hematoma, you can understand what the handle is in diameter. The wound channel has smooth walls, the edges can be reduced and they will easily match. The channel may end blindly in an internal organ, whereby a forensic specialist or doctor will determine how long the blade was used. As a rule, the study is carried out using x-rays and contrast agents. If a sharp product penetrates deep into the human body, damage to the skeletal system and cartilage is possible. Then microscopic relief remains in these areas, which can tell something to specialists about the blade surface.
Stab wounds
When considering piercing and cutting objects, you should pay attention to the damage that they can cause. Stab - these are weapons that are characterized by a rather small cross section, a sharp end. length prevails. The sharper the working part, the smaller the area in diameter, the less effort will have to be applied to damage the human body. Stab products differ in shape - a huge number of products with such qualities have been developed. This makes it difficult to classify. First of all, the shape of the cross section is evaluated. For some it is a circle, for others it is an oval, a triangle, or a figure with four or more corners. More oftena piercing object is a cylindrical rod, the end of which has the shape of a cone. This is what a needle or awl looks like. Often the object is equipped with a handle. Products are known that have several rods at once - this is an ordinary fork or pitchforks common in the household. Damage sustained by contact with them is quite peculiar, so in most cases identification is not difficult. In some cases, only the distance between the wounds is enough to accurately identify the model of the product that has been damaged.
Continuing the consideration of piercing and cutting objects, it is necessary to clarify the fact that the trace is usually formed by the working part. Its main features are shape, length, size in diameter.
Harm is caused due to the fact that the sharp end, through pressure, cuts or tears the skin. If, due to the application of force, the blade continues to sink into the body, this violates the integrity of the internal tissues. If the entire working part went inside, the handle leaves a mark on the skin. The superficial integuments of the human body are elastic, so the size of the wound is usually smaller than the section of the object. In any case, a puncture wound is often a small wound, while its channel is quite long.
Specifications
Criminalists, studying stabbing and cutting objects, found that in the case of using a stabbing object, the physical parameters of the wound will depend on the cross section of the blade. Along the edges you can see abrasions, small tears. If the blade is round, such breaks correspond to elastic skinfibers, and if there are ribs, then they do not depend on the direction of the fibers of the epidermis and repeat the blade forms. If the skull is damaged by a weapon, a perforated fracture is formed.
Possible damage on contact with a small object across. Then, visually, on the skin, one can see as if a small hematoma, and during a hasty examination, one can generally miss the damage. One of the risks associated with such damage is the increased risk of disruption of the integrity of large vessels and internal organs that lie deep enough in the human body. This can cause severe internal bleeding, which can be fatal.
Incised wound
Cutting type items have a sharpened blade. In the case of physical effort under the influence of pressure, the blade penetrates the skin and under it, separates the tissues. The result is a cut wound. It is not difficult to identify it, since the edges are uneven, there are scratches around, a sharp end is observed, and the length is usually greater than the depth. The second indicator depends on how sharp the blade is, how hard they pressed it. In addition, it plays a role how close the bone elements are to the skin, which are insurmountable for the blade. A cutting wound is a gaping injury, since the skin is elastic, and the muscles tend to contract. The gaping becomes larger if the thrust between the weapon at the moment of inflicting the wound and the direction of the skin fibers is close to 90 degrees.
Cut wounds visually usually look like a spindle or halfmoon. If you try to flatten the edges, the damage becomes linear. If the knife, in moving, caused the skin to wrinkle into folds, which were then cut, the reduction will give a zigzag result. When such an injury occurs, a person develops severe bleeding, and the features will depend on which vessels are affected. Possible violation of the integrity of the main arteries, which with a high degree of probability provokes a fatal outcome. To minimize the likelihood of accidental damage to an object that can cause injury, it is necessary to use containers for piercing and cutting objects during transportation and storage - closed products made of sufficiently durable material.
Stab-cut
If you do not use containers for piercing and cutting objects, you can accidentally get a stab wound. Failure to comply with the rules of transportation and storage is associated with the risk of causing such damage to another person, and completely unintentionally. A stab wound is caused by objects that have a pointed end and a blade. They have a complex effect, at the same time the thing pierces the skin and cuts the tissues, plunging deep. Damage will have signs of both a piercing type of products and a cutting one. Visually, you can see the inlet, the wound channel, in some cases, the outlet, if the wound is through.
It is possible to distinguish a complex wound from a simple stab wound if you carefully study its features. As a rule, the shape resembles a spindle orgap, but there may be angular lines or an arc. If the tool is rotated during extraction, additional damage is generated. Among other wounds of this type, those localized in the left side of the chest are more often fatal.
