The topic of our review will be the Nevelskoy Strait. In Russia, many people know about him. Let's get some details straight. For example, its history, after whom the Nevelskoy Strait is named, how deep it is, etc.
Description
The Nevelskoy Strait is a body of water that connects mainland Eurasia and Sakhalin Island. It also connects the Tatar Strait with the Amur Estuary and borders the Sea of Japan.
During the reign of Stalin, it was planned to build a bridge over it. But the project was never implemented. Another project is the construction of a dam that will be used as a bridge between Eurasia and Sakhalin. However, there is a lot of controversy. Some scientists suggest that due to the construction of an artificial facility, the waters of the strait will become warmer, while others put forward the opposite point of view, arguing that the dam will help reduce temperatures. According to the third opinion, the dam will in no way affect the temperature of the waters, cold and warm currents can come from nearby water bodies.
Nevelskoy Strait: depth, length and width
The strait is a body of water with sharpvarying width, its fairway depth is 7.2 m. The total length is 56 km, and the minimum width is 7.3 km, this place is located between Cape Lazarev on the Eurasian mainland and Cape Pogibi.
The strait begins at the western part of the island, the width in this section is 80 km, while the depth is about 100 m. The reservoir is divided into two parts, in one there are 9 bays, in the other - 16. there are both deep-water areas, with a depth of up to 700 m, and shallow water, where you can move on small boats.
In whose honor the strait is named
So who was the Nevelskoy Strait named after? He was named after the Russian admiral, explorer of the Far East Gennady Ivanovich Nevelsky in 1849. The discovery of the reservoir occurred during the Amur expedition, which lasted from 1849 to 1855
Nevelsky began his naval service in 1834, commanded the Baikal transport. At this time, he passed with a cargo from Kronstadt around Cape Horn to Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky, explored the northern part of Sakhalin.
In the summer of 1849, the admiral went down to the mouth of the Amur River and discovered the strait that connected the mainland and Sakhalin Island. In addition, Nevelsky was able to descend into the lower reaches of the Amur, discovered unknown territories, and proved that Sakhalin is an island, not a peninsula. The conditions for the study of the territory and waters were extremely difficult. Because of the large and high waves, it was necessary to move on special boats, which overturned from a strong wind. Is notEmperor Nicholas I liked it. But after the expedition reports were submitted, Nevelsky was again sent to the Far East for a detailed study of the territory and waters.
Hydrology of the Nevelskoy Strait
Through the strait, the Sea of Japan exchanges water with adjacent water bodies during the change of climatic conditions. In winter, under the influence of northwestern monsoon winds, surface waters come into contact with cold atmospheric air, as a result, they give off heat, cool, and become covered with ice. Ice cover is observed from late January to March.
The coastline in the south of the strait is elevated, and in the north it is flat. Therefore, a small difference in water temperature is possible. In addition, the state of the strait is greatly influenced by winds. The average water temperature is 11 oC. In the deepest places it can reach up to 4-10 degrees, in shallow water - up to 13-15 degrees. At a depth below 500 m, the temperature is kept at one indicator, it is 0.5-0.7 degrees.
Depending on the depth of the reservoir, two layers can be distinguished:
- Surface, which changes with the season.
- Deep, does not change during climate change.
The surface layer is located at a depth of up to 500 m, mainly this area is located in the southern part of the strait. In connection with activity in different seasons, eddies are formed, which promote the current coming from the Sea of Japan through the strait to other water bodies.
BIn the deep layer, there are practically no changes and movements of water, so the temperature regime remains at a certain parameter. The formation of eddies is extremely rare, most often due to seismic activity.
Tides
Tides are observed in the Nevelskoy Strait and the adjacent southern territory of the Amur Estuary. They are irregular and semi-diurnal.
During the equinox, the tides become almost regular semi-diurnal, however, with the increase in the declination of the Moon, inequalities still appear, they reach daily tides up to 60 cm. Tropical tides are most often observed.
Tides are also possible at shallow depths. Their maximum size is 2.1 m. On the Amur Estuary, the maximum tide size is 2.5 m.
Geophysical surveys
Nevelskoy Strait is located on the territory of land-water, so it is necessary to use specialized equipment. Simple research from the ship will not do. Due to the landscape relief, electromagnetic devices will show an incorrect result. To measure geophysical parameters, a special technique was used, consisting of several rectangles of an alternating electromagnetic field and a meter.
In the course of research, it was found that at a depth of more than 50 m, the effect of the electromagnetic field intensifies. This is also reflected in the shape of the relief. Over time, hard rocks are destroyed, and also honed, form smallrocky objects. When laying pipes during construction, it is necessary to use durable materials that can withstand strong pressure.
In addition, studies have shown that the relief is mainly represented by slightly saline loams. A smaller percentage located at the surface of the waters is represented by clays. Highly s alty clays are located to the west of the strait.
Seismic Surveys
Seismic studies were complicated by the presence of a cold front in winter. Therefore, it was additionally necessary to break through areas covered with ice. Magnetometers were used, all results were transferred to a digital scoreboard.
In the course of research it was found that the most active seismic zone is located in the deep layers. Closer to the water surface, activity is less pronounced. In addition, the strength of the magnetic field changes in parameters when moving from one relief material to another. So, in highly saline loams, seismic activity is lower than in weakly saline ones.
In the soil uncertainty zone, seismic activity is 0. In addition, studies have shown that in weakly saline loams there is a more destroyed foundation than in other types.
The significance of the Nevelskoy Strait
The Nevelskoy Strait is the main sea route from the mainland to the island. Every day, a large number of cargo ships transport building materials and other important goods. The body of water is the most important route for economic developmentislands.
Besides, there is an active catch of such fish as herring, halibut, saffron cod and flounder in the strait. There are a total of 25 bays in the area of the reservoir, where merchant and cargo ships can stop.
A large number of nesting birds can be observed on the rocky shores near the strait. This is the perfect place for them to exist.
