The particle is a service part of speech. You can't ask her a question. As a rule, it does not play an independent syntactic role in a sentence. Particles in Russian are designed to give a variety of additional shades to words or even whole sentences. The second role of particles is word formation, with their help forms of words are formed.
For example:
1. Only he needs you.
The particle only reinforces the meaning of the pronoun you in the sentence.
2. Let be as you wish.
Using a particle, let the imperative mood of the verb be formed: let be.
Although particles in Russian are not members of a sentence, they are inextricably included in its composition. For example:
1. Not wind noise outside the window and not rain.
Particles needed:
1) when creating mood forms of the verb:
- imperative (yes, let it, let it, come on): let try;
- conditional (would, b):sat down would, told would;
2) when forming adverbs and adjectives, their degrees of comparison - less, more, most. For example: more important, less interesting, most bold, morepowerful, less bright;
3) when creating indefinite pronouns: -something, something, -or. For example: something, someone, someone, who -to etc.
The role of such particles is close to the role of morphemes.
Particle values
Particles in Russian give a sentence as a whole or a single word different shades.
Particles really, maybe, whether (l) – interrogative. Often they are used in questions. For example: Reallyforgave? Is there anything more interesting?
Exclamation particles what for, how they convey indignation, surprise, delight. For example: Like the world is wide! What a adorable!
Intensifying particles (after all, -something, even, after all) are used if you need to strengthen a single word. For example: Don't even think! Still great! He same himself to blame!
Negative particles in Russian are not and neither. They approach denial in different ways. The particle does not make either the word or the whole sentence negative:
1. Don't be this! Negative all sentence.
2. Not the wind broke the branch. Negative only word wind.
In the case of two particles not ininstead of a negative sentence, they create a positive meaning: I can't can don't agree with you!
Ni - a particle designed to reinforce the meaning of the negation, especially if the sentence already contains a negation or the particle is not. For example: no dropsdrops fell from the sky. There is no neithermushroom in the forest, norberries.
Modal particles in Russian are those that are associated with the expression of shades of meaning, attitude or feeling. This group includes the above categories and some others. Non-modal particles, not related to the expression of feelings, were classified by Vinogradov as semantic.
This category of particles includes:
- a group of definitives, such as exactly, exactly, simply, etc. For example: exactly this, exactly the same.
- A group of excretory-restrictive particles - solely, only, exclusively, etc. For example: only this, exclusively white.
- Pointing particles here, out, which seem to point to an object worthy of attention. For example: Here road!
All particles in the Russian language perform a grammatical, lexical and derivational function. With skillful use, they can enrich our speech, make it more colorful and diverse.
