Declination of nouns is not the most interesting topic in the school curriculum. And what could be interesting here if everything is based on stupid cramming? And what is boring is the worst.
You can add some jokes to the tedious memorization process. For example, even our grandmothers memorized the order of cases with the help of a funny rhyme in which the first letter of each word corresponded to the first letter of the case name.
Ivan - nominative, gave birth - genitive, girl - dative, ordered - accusative, drag - creative, diaper – prepositional.
Learning such a rhyme is easy. And now the cases lined up in memory by themselves!
However, even knowing the names of cases, mastering the declension of nouns is not an easy task. After all, there are more questions to ask! And again, there is a rhyme-memory “About Masha” to help students:
Masha has sweets no –
Dame Maruse Isweets.
I see: Masha is willful, Not playing, not happy.
She thinks what?
Cases have nothing to do with it!
Meticulous students will be surprised: “And what is the connection between some wayward Masha and the topic we are considering?” Of course, there is no special connection here. But one who looks closely at the rhyme will notice that in each line, either at the end or at the beginning, one word is highlighted.
These are "magic" helper words. They will help us to remember case questions, and there, you see, we will be able to master the declension of nouns, jokingly and playfully.
So, let's start with the second case - the genitive, since the nominative usually does not cause difficulties. The word "no" is highlighted in the first line. This is an auxiliary word for the genitive case. We pronounce the word “no”, and questions arise by themselves: “What or who is not?”
The next line gives us the auxiliary word "lady", and we know that after the genitive there is a dative case. By analogy with the previous case, we say “ladies” and continue: “To whom or what?”
Further, the word "see" prompts questions: "Who or what?" This is an accusative case. “Not satisfied” - “Whom or what?” - creative. “Thinks” - “About whom or what?” - prepositional.
So, the cases have been learned, the questions have been remembered. Now a more difficult topic: the distribution of nouns by declension. Usually at school they begin to study the declension of nouns from the 1st declension.
You can use the rote rhyme again.
Tanya, Petya and Arisha, Misha, Tolya,Vasya, Grisha –
There is an “A” and “I” at the end –
This is my whole family!
From the quatrain it follows that the 1st declension includes words with the endings "A" and "I", both masculine and feminine.
Neutral nouns should be assigned to the 2nd declension. This also includes masculine nouns without endings. And, of course, to help - cramming rhyme:
The horse galloped over the cloud, The goose flew over the lake.
In the field the breeze was naughty, The boy poured tea in a saucer.
The third declension should include nouns ending in "b", feminine, without endings.
In writing, it is usually difficult to write case endings for nouns of the 1st declension. For a hint, you can use the "doll".
In doubtful cases, we substitute the word “doll”, and if “Y” sounds, we boldly write “I”, since this is probably the genitive case, and if we don’t hear “Y”, then we need to write “E” at the end. By the way, in the word "doll" too.
In the second declension, we check the endings with a horse, you just need to remember that there is an analogue of a hard ending.
It's even easier with adjectives. Declension of adjectives is a simple matter. Their case corresponds to the case of the noun to which they refer, and the ending is checked by the question: what is the question, so will the adjective.
