Prevention of offenses is an important issue that any class teacher includes in his work. Let us analyze the significance of such activities, as well as those activities that can be carried out in educational institutions in this direction.
Relevance of the problem
The state considers childhood an important and responsible stage in a person's life, proceeds from the principles of priority preparation for a full life in society. Special attention is paid to the formation of social and creative activity in the younger generation, high moral qualities: citizenship and patriotism.
Economic and social problems characteristic of modern Russian society have significantly reduced the institution of the family, weakened its influence on the upbringing of adolescents.
As a result of this process, the number of street children is growing, the distribution of drugs and various psychotropic drugs, alcoholic beverages is increasing.
The country has more events every year300 thousand criminal offenses committed by minors.
About one hundred thousand acts are committed by children who have not reached the age of criminal responsibility. For example, domestic violence, an increase in the number of children left without parental care.
It is teachers who should think over and organize measures for the prevention of alcoholism, conduct explanatory work with parents, teenagers in the classroom, class hours, after school hours.
School Objectives
Prevention of juvenile alcoholism is the direct responsibility of educational institutions. Teachers are doing serious work with classroom teams aimed at shaping the younger generation's ideas about a he althy lifestyle.
In addition, teachers provide students with psychological support, identify families that are in a socially dangerous situation.
A comprehensive alcoholism prevention program contributes to a he althy family climate.
Prevention of diseases, addictions, antisocial behavior cannot be carried out without systematic formation of he althy lifestyle features in adolescents, children, youth.
All the activities that the teacher plans in the classroom have a certain direction.
Prevention of alcoholism among teenagers is carried out not only within the framework of classroom hours, extracurricular activities, but also by involving the younger generation in various actions related to the formation of proper social skills.behavior.
When talking about the prevention of the abuse of narcotic and psychotropic substances, first of all, it is necessary to involve the parents of schoolchildren in the activities.
Theoretical aspects
Prevention of alcoholism among minors should begin with an explanation of the terms of alcoholism, drug addiction, and smoking.
Drug addiction is called addiction, a painful attraction to the constant use of drugs, which leads to significant impairment of physical and mental functions.
Substance abuse is a disease that is caused by the consumption of toxic substances, that is, the use of caffeine, tranquilizers, inhalation of aromatic substances.
When intoxicated, visual hallucinations appear. In the process of using drugs, toxic compounds, a teenager develops physical and mental dependence, a desire to satisfy the need for the drug by any means.
Prevention of alcoholism among adolescents contributes to the timely prevention of the development of addiction. When talking about the dangers of alcohol, a teacher can involve medical workers. They will explain to teenagers that alcohol abuse leads to social and moral degradation of the individual. Such dependence develops gradually, accompanied by the most complex processes in the body, which are characterized by irreversible changes. Alcohol becomes an indispensable element for regulating and maintaining metabolic processes.
Adolescence
Prevention of alcoholism among adolescents is necessary, since this age is characterized by behavioral, physiological features of development. All children go through the stage of "monkeys", which, imitating the rest of their peers, copy their features. Such a behavioral feature of childhood in psychology is called an imitation reaction. It is considered natural, necessary for full psychological development. In such situations, the child learns to try on different social roles, build relationships with other people.
Due to the insufficient formation of the analytical and prognostic component of mental activity at this age, adolescents cannot select the right role models.
In order for the prevention of alcoholism among adolescents to be effective and efficient, parents of students should come to the aid of teachers.
They are the ones who introduce children to "legal drugs": nicotine, alcohol.
Watching adults, a teenager learns about the tradition of drinking alcohol on holidays. The child begins to perceive this as a necessity when creating an atmosphere of fun, a holiday in the house.
Striving to be like dad, mom, their friends, teenagers try alcohol for the first time. The results of psychological research indicate that most of the adolescents who commit offenses were brought up in dysfunctional families. Mistakes in family upbringing push the child to the abyss of alcohol and drugsdependencies. No innovative methods will bring the desired result if the attitudes being formed are not supported in the family.
Organization of psychological and pedagogical work
Prevention of alcoholism at school is carried out within the educational program. This activity is supervised by a social pedagogue.
The success of all anti-drug activities of the teacher depends on how effectively the action plan for the prevention of alcoholism is thought out.
Lecture
This form is the most popular form of pedagogical prevention. How to increase its efficiency? You can choose it as an independent form when working with high school students who can perceive a large amount of theoretical information by ear.
The duration of lectures in elementary school should not exceed 10-15 minutes. They need to be combined with role play, training.
For such events, you can use the services of police officers, medical workers. Teenagers perceive these specialists much better than ordinary school teachers.
Organizing surveys
The process of organizing pedagogical crime prevention involves conducting a variety of anonymous surveys. They perform several important functions:
- enable to analyze the effectiveness of preventive activities;
- the information received makes it possible to identify the most important areas for further workteacher;
- results of the survey can become an indicator of the effectiveness of ongoing preventive activities.
Trainings
This form is organized for communication in groups. Such classes make it possible to successfully solve many problems of the formation of the personality of a teenager, which the teacher cannot cope with in other ways. Trainings should be conducted only by qualified specialists - psychologists. Such classes are held only with teenagers who have reached the age of fifteen.
Children get excellent interpersonal skills, acquire additional competence in the field of communication. When working in a group, teenagers learn different communication styles, realize the dangers of drinking alcohol.
Role playing games
Their teachers use in working with teenagers not only during lessons, but also in the process of extracurricular activities. "Trying on" various roles, students master constructive communication, learn to resist external pressure, learn effective behavioral patterns in difficult situations of drug infection.
This kind of preparation, which anticipates a teenager's real encounter with an attempt to drug him, is quite useful.
Playing various options for the child's refusal to drink alcohol, the teacher forms a negative attitude towards bad habits in his pupils. Role-playing games are especially effective in working with adolescents who already have experienceuse of intoxicating substances.
Project activity
He appeared at the beginning of the last century in the United States. At present, project technology has become a full-fledged component of pedagogical systems. This method focuses on the independent work of adolescents, aimed at preventing the use of alcoholic beverages.
Conclusion
The organization of effective preventive activities involves the inclusion of certain activities in the work plan with the class team. Conversations aimed at preventing the use of alcoholic beverages by teenagers can be held on the following topics: "Frankly about alcohol", "He alth and alcohol", "Say no to drunkenness!", "Criminal liability for drinking alcohol by minors".
To draw attention to the problem of child alcoholism, various actions are included in the school work plan. They are aimed at forming in the younger generation an interest in leading a he althy lifestyle, the formation of proper nutrition skills. For example, such a large-scale action could be a school trip, in which not only children and teachers, but also parents of schoolchildren will take part.
