The Government of the Russian Federation adopted a resolution that made some changes to the regulation on the activities of the Ministry of Education and Science, while expanding its responsibilities. According to this document, educational work should be launched in the general educational environment to develop students' rejection of the facts of terrorism and extremism.
A burning issue
Today, the Russian society is undergoing a transformation of the value system, due to the processes of modernization of the economic, political and cultural spheres. All this affects the life of the population of the country and leads to the complication of existing structural ties. In this regard, tensions arise between people of different nations, various kinds of opposition groups are formed, reaching their goal through terrorism and extremism.
Adherents of extreme measures and views seek to incite religious hatred. A similar phenomenon threatens the spiritual and moral foundations of society, as well as life.of people. It is no secret that the influence of various kinds of negative trends primarily affects young people. Being involved in extremist formations, young men and women sometimes do not have the slightest idea of the ideological basis that such associations have.
What are the definitions of these negative phenomena? By extremism, we mean the adherence of certain groups, organizations or individuals to radical measures, positions and views regarding public activity. Representatives of such associations are calling:
- to a violent change in the existing constitutional order;
- to the violation of the integrity of the country;
- to inciting discord against the background of racial, social and national hostility;- to propaganda and public display of Nazi paraphernalia, etc.
Terrorism is an extreme form of manifestation of extremism. This is a complex criminal and socio-political phenomenon caused by external and internal contradictions in the development of society. This is the most widespread form of extremism. It is an ideologically justified and politically motivated use of violence. Moreover, it goes to its goal through the physical elimination of people. That is why the prevention of terrorism and extremism is so important. Particular attention in this matter should be paid to working with young people.
The origins of extremism
Today's students, who are members of various extremist groups, were trained and brought up within the walls of the school. Exactlyin this general educational institution, as a rule, for the first time, a child encounters representatives of other nationalities who have a different culture, faith, outlook on life and appearance than they are used to. Therefore, the prevention of terrorism and extremism at school should be carried out, because this educational institution is a kind of “hot spot” for the emergence of aggression.
School teachers must create an atmosphere that is free of acts of violence and cruelty. It is necessary to develop tolerance in a child, and later in a young person, explaining to him that many people live on our planet. And despite the difference in appearance and life principles, everyone should enjoy the same rights. This will be the work of preventing terrorism, based on:
- the activity of students and their stimulation for self-education;
- the conscious behavior of young people;- the principle of adequacy.
However, the prevention of terrorism and extremism in educational institutions should not affect informal youth associations. Unlike the negative groupings, there is no membership here. Informal associations are nothing more than a manifestation of a separate subculture.
Measures for the prevention of terrorism and extremism should not affect the activities carried out by opposition political parties, as well as ethnic societies, confessions and representatives of other religions. All of them express their ideas in any form,provided by law.
Importance of prevention
According to the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Russian Federation, the main backbone of extremist groups operating in the country are young people under the age of 30. There are up to 80% of them in such associations.
At the same time, according to experts, most quickly extremist ideas penetrate the environment of students in secondary schools. And there is nothing surprising in this. After all, the psyche of the child is not yet fully formed and is easily exposed to negative influences. That is why the prevention of terrorism and extremism in educational institutions is so important.
Formation of humanistic views
Everyone knows that the relationships that are developing today in the educational environment cannot be classified as ideal. In addition, the aggression that exists in the outside world leaves its mark on the behavior of students. And it is not surprising that, answering the question of sociologists about the most common negative phenomena in the modern world, 17% of schoolchildren answered that this is a manifestation of cruelty and violence.
In this regard, an important task of the modern school is the formation of a humanistic personality, recognizing the idea of tolerance in interethnic relations. This will be an excellent prevention of terrorism.
Children who show tolerance recognize that all people are different in their appearance and interests, position and values. At the same time, everyone has the right to live on our planet,retaining individuality.
The task of the administration of educational institutions is to create all the necessary psychological and pedagogical conditions that contribute to the emergence and maintenance of tolerance among schoolchildren. This can be achieved by the willingness of teachers and students to cooperate and dialogue, as well as by improving their communication culture.
The role of the teacher
Building a sense of tolerance in students is a long and difficult process. When passing this path, the prevention of terrorism and extremism at school is carried out.
At the initial stage of this process, the teacher must provide emotional comfort to the children. In addition, he is obliged to instill in students the ability for critical thinking, self-control and cooperation.
However, the reality is that teachers experiencing emotional overload express their accumulated irritability through communicative intolerance. This is reflected in the rejection of the child's individuality and categoricalness in assessing his knowledge. All of these factors have a negative impact on the student's studies and physical he alth.
However, this should not be. In the general educational environment, there must certainly be a process of forming a tolerant relationship between teacher and student. Moreover, the teacher is obliged to build their relationship with students both in the classroom and outside the classroom. At the same time, each child must be recognized by him as a significant and valuable person.
The ability to negotiate and compromise, the ability to convince you that you are right without creating a conflictsituation brings together the interests of students of different nationalities and develops intolerance to manifestations of cruelty and aggression. Such work must certainly include the program adopted in the educational institution. At the same time, prevention of terrorism and extremism will be as effective as possible.
Military-patriotic education
There are several areas that have a significant impact on the formation of tolerance among the youth. At the same time, terrorism is being prevented in educational institutions.
One of these areas is the organization of meetings with veterans of both the Great Patriotic and local wars. In addition, such work may include:
- collection of relics and documents about the heroism and courage of the defenders of the Motherland;
- record of memories of veterans;
- targeted assistance to the disabled, combatants, as well as the families of fallen soldiers;- work with archival data to clarify the fate of servicemen who took part in the war of 1941-45. etc.
The action plan "Prevention of terrorism" should include not only single, but also long-term actions:
- decades, weeks and months of military glory;
- heroic-patriotic actions;- collection of stories about veterans of the rear and front with the transfer of materials for publication in the media.
Prevention of terrorism at school also provides for the organization of Victory Day celebrations. To date, there has been a certainscheme for such activities. Moreover, not only secondary educational institutions take part in it. Such measures for the prevention of terrorism are carried out with the participation of youth organizations, as well as children's public associations.
The following are carried out:
- shares under the slogan “I am proud! I remember”, “George Ribbon”, etc.;
- beautification of monuments, memorials, obelisks, military graves;
- solemn and mourning commemoration ceremonies with rallies and wreath-laying; - thematic meetings with veterans with the organization of holiday concerts.
Raising future defenders
Prevention of terrorism also means preparing young people for military service. Similar activities include:
- work of he alth-improving defense and sports camps;
- opening of military-patriotic clubs;- holding shooting competitions, etc.
All this contributes not only to improving the sports training of young people, but also to their active involvement in cognitive activities with the simultaneous formation of the necessary attitude for the upcoming military service.
The above measures to prevent terrorism will be most effective if art circles and local history museums join the organization of such events. All this will have a significant impact on interest in the traditions of their people, their customs and culture, as well as strengthening love for their native land.
Support for national cultures
School plan"Prevention of extremism and terrorism" includes many activities. Among them is the organization of explanatory work to support various national cultures.
Such activities are very effective in those regions that border on other republics, or in those where various national groups live.
Game form of education
What else is the prevention of terrorism? To eliminate the prerequisites for aggression, cruelty and national hostility in educational institutions, games are widely used. And this is not surprising, because the game is the most important sphere of children's life. It is she who, together with art, sports, knowledge and labor, provides those emotional conditions that lead to the formation of national consciousness and to the development of a culture of interethnic relations.
High school students can become organizers of games for younger students. For older children, such participation will be an excellent experience in acquiring practical skills and abilities, as well as in consolidating the knowledge already acquired. In this regard, folk games have proven themselves superbly. They are one of the main means of fostering a culture of communication between nations.
Various activities
Within the theme of prevention of terrorism can be carried out:
- correspondence or full-time journey through the history of the native land;
- acquaintance with craftsmen and other interesting people;- holding competitions for youngtalents.
In addition, the prevention of terrorism will be most effective when doing search work with children, carrying out various acts of mercy and other good deeds.
The content of this work can be differentiated by the age of the students. So, first-graders visit theaters and museums, and also get acquainted with folklore. At this stage, holidays with fairy-tale characters can be held. When moving to the next class, children study the work of national writers and poets. Also in the second grade, a variety of activities and games are organized. Schoolchildren are involved in search work and get acquainted with the history of their small homeland. Such activities are carried out throughout the elementary school.
From the fifth to seventh grade, students are involved in new useful and interesting things. All ongoing activities are designed to enrich and develop children's knowledge of the national culture and native land. The main thing during this period is the activity aimed at the creative development of schoolchildren, as well as at educating them of international and patriotic feelings. At the same time, children get acquainted with the traditions and life of people of other nationalities. Tolerance at this age is formed thanks to a program that implements two directions. The first of them is awareness of oneself as a subject of family culture. During this period, the activities of the teacher should be aimed at forming a tolerant and friendly relationship between children and their parents.
Prevention of terrorism in high school is carried out throughlessons of folk wisdom, the basis of which are various folk traditions. For example, a family can be represented in a playful and creative way:
- Japanese;
- English;
- Russian;- Jewish etc.
All this contributes to the study by children of national holidays and traditions of another nation, its life and culture.
Spiritual education
The feeling of international tolerance is impossible without the religious tolerance of young people. According to the current Constitution, Russia is a secular state. This suggests that no religion in our country is established as an obligatory or state religion. In addition, the Constitution of the Russian Federation affirms freedom of religion. That is, each person has the right to choose for himself, as well as engage in the dissemination of religious and other beliefs.
However, the teacher must understand that there are separate associations that should not deserve a tolerant attitude towards themselves. We are talking about some religious cultures that have an extremist orientation. These are, for example, "Jehovah's Witnesses" and "Children of God". The activities of such organizations have a negative impact on youth, families and children.
How, in this case, to conduct religious education of schoolchildren? To prevent aggression and cruelty, children need to be told about different religions. The child must independently choose one or another religion or abandon all of its varieties. Only in this case, the studenta benevolent attitude towards any worldview approach will be developed.
The action plan for the prevention of terrorism and extremism can also include a special course on the religions of the peoples of Russia. At the same time, it is necessary that someone else's faith be presented as a worldview, which is the basis of a particular national culture.
