It can be quite easy to get confused in the works of Russian literature: the abundance of authors and written books can confuse both the minds of unskilled adults, and, of course, young children. To avoid this, it is recommended to apply the practice of drawing up capacious plans that will schematically remind you of the key points of the story. In this article, we will present a plan for the story "Adopted".
The beginning of the author's career
The plan for the story "The Adopted" cannot be given without a paragraph describing how the life of its creator proceeded. Why did Mamin-Sibiryak create such a work? How does it relate to his biography?
The fact is that, born in November 1852 in the village with the interesting name Visimo-Shaitan, in the Perm province (now Visim, Sverdlovsk region), Dmitry Narkisovich, the son of a parish priest, from an early age began to be interested in literature. Initially following the spiritual path, Mamin Jr., after studying at the Yekaterinburg Theological School (1866) and the Perm SpiritualSeminary realized that he did not have much in common with the church. Studying at the last educational institution revealed his literary talent; it was here that he became addicted to the ideas of Herzen, Dobrolyubov, Chernyshevsky and began to try his hand at writing, albeit at that time still rather weak, but nevertheless interesting stories.
The twists and turns of fate
However, what is the significance of the biographical commentary for the plan for the story "Foster"? It is still really very distant. After the author's life abruptly changed its vector, and he made a choice in favor of his own development in other directions, as if fate itself began to put a lot of sticks in his wheels.
After graduating from the seminary in 1871, Dmitry went to St. Petersburg, where he first entered the veterinary, and then the medical department of the Medical and Surgical Academy, after which he entered the natural faculty of St. Petersburg University, from which, after 2 courses transferred to the legal profession. However, here the future famous writer began to have serious problems: material difficulties, poor he alth and even the development of tuberculosis made themselves felt.
As a result, in 1877 Dmitry returned to his native Urals, where his father had died by that time. The care of brothers and sisters who needed to study fell on the author's shoulders. It was during this period, after moving to Yekaterinburg, that the writer actively explored history, economics and the unique nature of the Urals. In addition to his interest in the inhabitants of forests and fields, he also got acquainted with the inhabitants of villages and villages. It is these 2 worlds that will be reflected in the future works of the author and will be connected by an inextricable thread.
For the first time this will be revealed in the collection of essays "From the Urals to Moscow". At this time, nee Mamin becomes Mamin-Siberian; he made a habit of signing his stories with the pseudonym "D. Sibiryak" and simply combined the paternal surname with the literary name. In Yekaterinburg, the writer also met his first wife, Maria Alekseeva.
Creativity amid tragedy
In 1890, Dmitry Narkisovich divorced his first wife and joined the knot for the second time with another chosen one, M. Abramova, an artist of the Yekaterinburg Drama Theater, famous at that time. The couple moved to St. Petersburg.
Finally, we come to an important part, from the point of view of drawing up a plan for the story "The Adopted", a part, to start a conversation about which it was not possible without a description of what hardships Mamin-Sibiryak had already experienced during his life. A year after the wedding, the writer's beloved wife died during a difficult birth, leaving her sick daughter Alena in her husband's arms. This incident was a real shock to the author, as evidenced by his personal correspondence with family and friends.
What became Dmitry Narkisovich's outlet? Raising and caring for a daughter, coupled with creativity, which has acquired a fruitful scope. A cycle of children's works "Alyonushka's Tales" appeared, which included the "Priyomysh" considered in this article. Mamin-Sibiryak lived quietly in St. Petersburg until 1900, continued to write for his daughter and himself, created, among other things, the magnificent novel "Bread" and the two-volume "Ural Stories". However, tuberculosis gradually took its toll. In November, Dmitry Narkisovich died, and just two years later, his daughter Alena also died, to whom, in addition to many other good stories, Mamin-Sibiryak dedicated his story “The Foster”
Summary
How to make a plan for parsing the work further? After a short or exhaustive, as in our case, biographical and historical commentary has been given, one should refresh the memory of the key points of history, that is, turn to its summary. The theme of Mamin-Sibiryak's Adoptive is the relationship between man and nature, their inextricable synthesis. This can be seen from the first to the last lines: the narrative opens with an episode of how a hunter comes to visit his good friend, an old lonely fisherman, who lives on a lake far from other dwellings. The reader watches how the narrator-hunter is met by the dog Sobolko; after a while, the owner himself, named Taras, sails on a boat, urging a white swan in front of him. The fisherman shares with a friend: the parents of a young bird were killed for fun, which means that he is an orphan, Foster, and there is no one to look after him except Taras himself.
The reader is described how the grandfather becomes attached to a beautiful, stately bird. He does not have a soul in her, and therefore categorically refuses to cut the wings of the "God's creature" in order to forever tie her to the hut. Of course, Taras is deceived: he thinks thatthe swan will stay with him forever, while the bird, after long hesitation, still flies to warmer climes with his relatives. The reader sees this as if the next year through the eyes of a hunter who has repeatedly visited the fisherman's hut. Thus, a schematic outline of the story will consist of the following 4 points:
- The appearance of a swan in the life of Taras.
- Friendship of Sobolko and Priemysh.
- Swan and a flock of brothers.
- Parting with the savior.
Define the problem and idea
If the topic is clarified and the key episodes are established, it's time to move on to other categories that are relevant to the analysis of the work. We see the problem, which is the reflection of human loneliness. Taras could go to people and drown out the memories of the Foster in himself, but he does not do this, since the connection with the world of nature turns out to be more important for him than the connection with the world of people, and the obscure, but pleasant and pure images of the first are dearer to him than falsity and artificiality of the second. The idea of the story is to emphasize the idea of the proximity of man to the space of nature; even if its freedom-loving representatives choose a kind and caring society, but still a person, expanses, dales, forests and fields, one should not be angry with nature and curse her, because in her freedom she is beautiful.
Analysis of pathos and composition as essential components of the work plan
The tragic pathos, that is, the passionate tone, of the work is especially revealed at the climax of the story,that is, the moment of departure of the Foster with a flock of other swans, however, the atmosphere of dreary sadness can be traced throughout the entire plot canvas of this creation. We see it in the hidden conflict that takes place in the soul of the fisherman. Taras internally struggles with himself, because he became very attached to the bird, but, nevertheless, as an experienced person, he always understood that he would have to let go sooner or later.
The composition of Mamin-Sibiryak's work "Foster", the main idea of which is the need for free and, perhaps, even emotionally painful in advance, but still help, support, friendship between a person and a representative of the unique natural world, is simple. It consists of 6 parts:
- prologue, where the fisherman's dwelling and his simple household are described through the eyes of a master-hunter;
- exposition in which the reader watches how the old man is looking for a swan that has sailed far from the hut;
- the main part, which describes the joint life of the family, namely Taras, Priemysh and Sobolko;
- climax already mentioned above;
- denouement, in which the fisherman shares with the master the story of the departure of the swan and farewell to him;
- an epilogue describing the old man's suffering and how much he misses him.
Basic Art Directions
The main techniques include the portrait characteristics of characters, as well as the image of heroes through actions and deeds. The epic image of Taras is revealed especially strongly thanks to personal narration when the emphasisis done not so much on the image of his external features (tall, with a full gray beard and gray eyes) or character traits (polite, caring, modest, kind), but on how he manifests himself in relation to everything around him.
The fisherman was humane to animals, lovingly, as if about a person, spoke of the “smart bird”, and generally respected the laws of forests, lakes, rivers, fields, because for him it was a real social environment with which he regularly interacted. And all this - with the proviso that Taras, who did not remember exactly when he was born, nevertheless claimed that he had seen the French invasion of 1812. This means that, according to the chronotope of the story (a synthesis of temporal and spatial characteristics), he was about 90 years old!
The narrator's attitude to Taras
One of the final points of the plan may be a reflection of how the master looked at the fisherman. Through the hunter's attitude, the author's own attitudes are also traced: it was in such simple people, but true to traditions and their own principles, that he saw the driving force of real life. It was not in vain that the hunter spoke of the old man as a “good, smart man,” who knew a lot and interestingly told various stories. There is an exceptionally positive attitude towards the main character, which is also communicated to the reader.
Own opinion
The article answers the question of how to make a plan. If the purpose of its compilation is the further writing of an essay ordetailed answer, then you can finish your work with a small review. “The adoptee did not return to Taras, and, despite the fact that in the end you feel sorry for the old man, you still understand: initially he made the only right choice. Was he not to know that the swan is a free bird, which should also have its own family? But the fisherman still came to her aid when she needed it, and later did not clip her wings, giving her the right to decide what could not but cause respect and pride”- this is an example of how you can complete the analysis of the story.
