A subordinate clause in Russian is especially difficult when determining its type on the Unified State Examination in the second part. In fact, the definition of this very species does not cause big problems if you ask questions from the main part correctly.
A subordinate clause is a subordinating part of a complex sentence, a dependent part. As you know, the subordinate clause can stand not only at the beginning of a sentence, but also in its middle or end. An important rule: any subordinate part is separated from the main comma or other characters. Subordinate parts can explain both the main part and each other. If several subordinate clauses explain each other, then this is called a serial connection; if the clauses explain the main one - parallel (in this case, as a rule, the clauses have a common union).
The relative clauses in German have a clear sequence of words, which cannot be said about the Russian language. There, each word has its place: the subject, then the predicate, and only then the secondarymembers. And subordinate clauses in English can play the role of a predicate, subject or object.
So, the subordinate clause in Russian has several types.
1) definitive (the main questions of common definitions - what? what?; connected only with the help of unions: what, which, which, whose). Example: The house that stood on the mountain was my grandmother's property.
2) explanatory (questions of indirect cases). Example: I know things will get better soon.
3) adverbial (have their own structure):
- subordinate places (questions: how? where?; connected only (!) with allied words: where, where, where);
- subordinate tenses (questions of temporal circumstances: when? since when? for how long?; connected exclusively with the help of conjunctions: when, while, until, as soon as);
- subordinate comparisons (questions: how? how much?; connected with the help of conjunctions: like, as if, by what - by that, exactly);
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subordinate clauses in English - subordinate goals (questions: for what purpose? for what? why?; connected again only with the help of conjunctions: in order to, in order to);
- subordinate conditions (questions: under what conditions?;are connected here only with the help of unions: if, when, if, if);
- subordinate reason (questions: why? why?; connected only with conjunctions: for, because, because);
- subordinate corollary (questions: what follows from this?; connected with a single union: so);
- subordinate concessions (questions such as: contrary to what? despite the fact that?; such subordinate clauses are joined with the help of several conjunctions: although, let, let, despite the fact that).
Thus, the subordinate clause in Russian explains and completes the main part of the complex sentence. To determine the type of this sentence, it is enough just to put the question correctly to the part, the meaning of which is revealed by the clause.
