Pidgin is a language that arises in extreme, unnatural situations for ordinary circumstances during interethnic communication. That is, it happens when two nations urgently need to understand each other. Pidgins and Creole languages appeared during the contacts of European colonizers with local peoples. In addition, they arose as a means of communication for conducting trade. It so happened that children used the pidgin and used it as their mother tongue (for example, the children of slaves did this). In such circumstances, the Creole language developed from this dialect, which is considered to be its next stage of development.
How is a pidgin formed?
In order to form such an adverb, several languages must contact at once (usually three or more). The grammar and vocabulary of a pidgin is quite limited and extremely simplified. For example, it has lessone and a half thousand words. Neither for one, nor for another, nor for a third people, this dialect is not native, and due to the simplified structure, this language is used only during certain circumstances. When a pidgin is native to a large number of people of mixed ancestry, it can be considered a pidgin in its own right. This took place during the era of colonization of American, Asian and African lands from the 15th century until the 20th century. An interesting fact: its evolution to the status of a Creole language occurs when mixed marriages appear.
Creole in Haiti
Today, the number of Creole languages on the planet reaches more than 60. One of them is Haitian, characteristic of the population of the island of Haiti. It is also used by local residents of other American territories. In most cases, the language is common among the natives of the island, for example, in the Bahamas, Quebec, etc. The basis for it is French. Haitian Creole is an 18th century French lexicon modified during its development. In addition, it has been influenced by Western and Central African languages, as well as Arabic, Spanish, Portuguese and some English. Haitian Creole has a largely simplified grammar. Since the second half of the 20th century, it has been an official language on the island, as well as French.
Seychelles Creole
Also an interesting case of the emergence and development of the Creole dialect is the Seychellois language. On these islands he isofficial, like English and French. Seychelles Creole is spoken by most of the inhabitants of the state. Thus, it is quite common among the population. An interesting fact: immediately after the Seychelles became independent and got rid of colonial influence, the government set a goal to codify the local Patois dialect (a modified version of French). To do this, a whole institute was founded in the country, whose employees study and develop Seychellois grammar.
The situation in Mauritius
At the end of October (28th) the island celebrates the day of the local Creole language. Although a large number of the population in Mauritius uses it in everyday life (the local dialect is based on French), English or French is predominantly chosen for official negotiations and office work. This situation does not suit the locals. Mauritian Creole is in need of support and development, for which specific measures should be taken. This is what the members of a local association have done. For example, to support the written use of Creole in Mauritius, its members are known to be preparing a multilingual edition that will contain translations of Alain Fanchon's poem en titled "The Paper Boat" (originally written in Creole).
The island is located in the middle of the Indian Ocean, east of Madagascar, and has a complex history. As a result, today they use English andFrench, but in everyday life the local Creole is widespread, as well as the so-called Bhojpuri, which is of Indian origin. Under Mauritian law, there are no official languages in the country, and English and French are equal in law for public use. Although residents speak the local Creole, it is not used in the media.
What is Unzerdeutsch?
This name from the very beginning suggests that the word is of German origin, even for those who do not know German. However, Unzerdeutsch has nothing to do with modern Germany, but refers to the colonial period in the history of Papua New Guinea and Australia. An interesting fact is that it is the only Creole language in the world that is based on German. In the 1970s, researchers in New Guinea accidentally discovered the use of Unzerdeutsch, which translates to “our German.”
Thus, today he is the only surviving Creole on the planet with such a basis. Less than 100 people currently use Unzerdeutsch. And, as a rule, these are old people.
How did Unzerdeutsch come about?
The dialect was formed near a settlement called Kokopo in New Britain. In this area in the late 19th - early 20th century there were members of the Catholic mission. The local children were taught by nuns,moreover, the training was conducted using literary German. Little Papuans, Chinese, Germans and those who migrated from Australian territory played together, due to which the languages \u200b\u200bare mixed and a pidgin with a predominantly German base was formed. That is what they later passed on to their children.
Seminole language
Afro-Seminole Creole is a language that is considered to be an endangered dialect of the Galla language. This dialect is used by black Seminoles in a certain area in Mexico and in American states such as Texas and Oklahoma.
This nation is associated with the descendants of free Africans and Maroon slaves, as well as the Galla people, whose representatives moved to the territory of Spanish Florida back in the 17th century. Two hundred years later, they often lived with the Seminole Indian tribe, whence the name comes. As a result, the cultural exchange led to the formation of a multinational union in which the two races participated.
Today, their descendants live in Florida, as well as in rural areas in Oklahoma, Texas, the Bahamas and some regions in Mexico.
