All living organisms must eat to exist, including the plant. It breathes, grows, removes unnecessary substances, multiplies. A living organism is a biosystem. But what do plants absorb from the soil and air?
Air powered
Plants absorb the required elements from the air. But the most important process that allows the formation of organic matter is photosynthesis. For this, solar energy is used, which interacts with the chlorophyll contained in green leaves. A chemical reaction takes place. Plants take in carbon dioxide and water to synthesize carbohydrates. Subsequently, oxygen is released, which is necessary for the life of many creatures on Earth.
Further, complex carbohydrates and organic bonds are formed in plants. Mineral nitrogen compounds contribute to the synthesis of proteins, amino acids. This uses the energy that appears due to ATP bonds during photosynthesis.
Plants absorb carbon dioxide from the air for their existence. And the intensity of photosynthesis depends on lighting, the amount of the required element inair, water, mineral elements.
For photosynthesis, most plants absorb carbon dioxide from the air, and 5% is obtained through the roots. With the help of leaves, both sulfur and nitrogen are absorbed. But most of these elements come from the soil.
Root nutrition
Many elements required for the existence of plants absorb from the soil. Nitrogen and zonal elements come from cations and anions. Only leguminous plants have the ability to assimilate atmospheric nitrogen on a molecular basis. There are a number of elements that plant living organisms absorb:
- nitrogen;
- phosphorus;
- sulfur;
- calcium;
- potassium;
- sodium;
- magnesium;
- iron.
Plants are able to act on the soil in solid form, translating the required substances into the required state.
Absorptive capacity of plant root system
Different plants differ in the power of the root system. The root grows at the very tip, which protects the root cap. Root hairs grow from it at a distance of 1-3 mm. With their help, the movement of water from the root to the part of the plant that grows above the ground is carried out. In addition, other elements are absorbed with their help.
Root hairs are thin outgrowths of outer cells. There are a lot of them, maybe hundreds, or even thousands. The absorption capacity of the plant depends on this.
Absorption of nutrients
Thanks to mineral nutrition by plantsnecessary elements are moved. Nutrient s alts are formed in the soil, they dissolve, decompose into ions. When breathing, a green plant absorbs them through the roots, while releasing carbon. After that, exchange processes take place. This is the first stage of nutrition, through which the surface of the root is saturated with nutrient s alts.
Movement and conversion of s alts
After the roots have received nutrient s alts, they move and turn into the necessary substances. This releases energy. Thus, the necessary conditions for the respiration of the roots are created. If the aeration of the soil is good, then there is a proper supply of oxygen. Affects the life of the plant and the corresponding temperature, the presence of poisons in the soil.
All the mineral and organic matter that has formed moves towards the leaves.
Thus, the supply of ions of substances to the plant takes place in 3 stages:
- changing ions from solid form, moving to the root surface;
- root penetration;
- moving them into plant organs that are above ground.
Carbon dioxide and plants
When breathing, a green plant absorbs carbon dioxide, from which it receives carbon. This element is simply necessary for him to exist.
In addition to air, carbon dioxide is found in the soil. Therefore, many gardeners fertilize the soil with special organic and mineral solutions.
One moreliving beings are the source of this vital element. They release it when they breathe. Because of this, its amount increases in the air, and thanks to this, plants develop and bear fruit.
By the way, greenhouses contain a small amount of carbon dioxide, so barrels are placed into which a solution of bird droppings or fermenting mullein is poured. From this, the content of the required element increases. And in the open field, fertilizers are used.
The role of soil in plant life
Soil is the top layer of the planet. With its help, plants develop and bear fruit. It appears from the interaction of living organisms with rocks and substances that appear from their destruction. Soil contains mineral particles, mineral s alts, organic matter and air. Due to the fact that the dead remains of living organisms are decomposed, organic soil appears. They call it humus.
The growth and development of plants depends on the amount of water in the soil. The green inhabitants of the planet absorb this substance in dissolved form. Because of this, some plants do not survive in dry areas. But even abundant moisture can destroy them, rotting occurs from this, the roots die off.
Air is also of great importance in the life of a plant. Its presence in the soil is essential. Both water and air penetrate the loosened soil surface better. Therefore, in the gardens several times a year loosen the soil. From this, the crop develops and bears fruit better.
The role of nutrition
Plantsabsorb the necessary elements from the air to provide such processes:
- life activity;
- organ growth;
- supply of substances;
- appearance of fruits and seeds.
From the lack of the required elements, the plant develops more slowly. With a sharp shortage of food, the growth of the plant organism stops. But an excess of any elements can also be harmful.
Often, people who grow crops create the necessary soil conditions with the help of fertilizers (this ensures good growth and development of plants). They also regulate air supply.
Many are interested in which plant absorbs oxygen. There are actually a huge number of them. Thanks to sunlight, photosynthesis occurs, carbon dioxide is absorbed, but in the dark, plants breathe oxygen.
Soil protection
People have a destructive effect on nature, destroy forests, build reservoirs, reduce soil fertility by improper irrigation. As a result, plants cannot exist because s alts in large quantities disrupt their development.
Due to salinization and other phenomena of the earth, areas that could bear fruit are shrinking. But the deserts are increasing their area. Over the past 20 years, they have increased by 100 million hectares. If this continues, then over time the planet's land will not be able to be used for agriculture.
In order to save the soil, it is required to take measures to prevent salinization. It is necessary to cultivate the land without harm to it, to fertilize it correctly, it is not worthapply pesticides. For pest control, there are analogues that do not harm the biological environment.
For the safety of the top layer of soil from the wind, it is necessary to make windbreaks. They will allow moisture to be retained in the fields.
Emission spectrum absorbed by plants
What spectrum of radiation do plants absorb? Thanks to plant organisms, photosynthesis occurs, the energy necessary for their existence is released. It uses solar lighting. Absorbs its chlorophyll in the red and blue parts of the spectrum.
In addition to photosynthesis, other processes occur in the plant. They are affected by light from different parts of the spectrum. The rapid and slow development of the plant depends on the alternation of dark or daylight hours. The red parts of the spectrum affect the development of roots, flowering, the appearance and ripening of fruits. Therefore, sodium lamps are placed in greenhouses, which emit the red zone of the spectrum. But the blue area affects the growth of leaves and the plant itself. If this area is not enough, then the seedling will reach up in search of the right light.
Therefore, a person who grows plants should install lamps that emit red and blue colors. Various manufacturers produce such lighting fixtures specifically for gardening.
So, for the development, growth, fruitfulness, the plant needs food. It carries it out with the help of soil and air. From some lackelement, inappropriate conditions, the development of the plant will slow down.
