The South Seas are of great importance for the Russian Federation. After all, it is through these three water areas - the Black, Azov and Caspian - that the state is connected with foreign countries.
All marine areas play an important role in the country's economy. Firstly, they perform many necessary functions, for example, in the transport and industrial sectors. Secondly, the seas tend to attract tourists, which significantly increases the flow of funds to the state treasury.
These water bodies are covered in the school course in sufficient volume, so you should prepare for the study. This article will help you get the basic knowledge you need when writing presentations or essays.
Brief description of the Black Sea
The Black Sea is the warmest among all water bodies of the Russian Federation. It is not subject to freezing, so you will not find icebergs here. Its greatest depth is 2245 meters. This southern sea is distinguished by the fact that there are no islands on it. The number of bays that belong to this water area reaches a minimum.
Unlike other southern seas of the Russian Federation, there are few fish in the Black Sea. BUTThe point is most likely that the water is saturated with hydrogen sulfide. The main commercial species are mullet and mackerel. Also, a poor fish world may be due to sewage pollution.
The largest Russian Black Sea port is the beautiful city of Novorossiysk. Thanks to him, the main transportation of domestic oil to foreign countries is carried out.
Features of the Black Sea
The described southern sea (see photo above) is constantly exposed to fluctuations in water levels. That is why the fact that the ancient settlements were found by marine archaeologists is not surprising. They remained buried at the bottom.
Water also has a certain feature. The fact is that it consists of two layers. The first has a thickness of 100 meters, which is well supplied with oxygen. And in the lower layer there is a high content of hydrogen sulfide. At the bottom of the sea is almost a dead valley.
Sea of Azov
The second southern sea of the Russian Federation is the Sea of Azov. In terms of territory, it is one of the smallest on the planet and at the same time the most shallow. Its maximum depth is 14 m. And on average - no more than 7 m. In summer, the water warms up well, and the temperature reaches +28 ° С. In winter, the Sea of Azov is subject to freezing.
Water of the Sea of Azov
Through the narrow and shallow Kerch Strait, this southern sea in Russia exchanges waters with the Black Sea. Due to favorable conditions, the described water areaa certain time ago had a record number of fish. Basically, these include the following: beluga, sturgeon, pike perch, bream, herring and carp. Due to the decrease in the area of the water surface (this is due to the frequent construction of reservoirs and falling water levels), the described southern sea has become too s alty and less productive.
Caspian Sea
The third southern sea of the Russian Federation is the Caspian Sea. It, unlike the two previous ones, is a closed reservoir. Geographically, it is considered a lake. It has an elongated shape, stretched from north to south. It is 1200 km long and 320 km wide on average.
Climate of the Caspian Sea
This southern sea is located in several climatic zones. In the north - in the continental, in the south - in the subtropical, in the central part - in the temperate. Dry winds often blow here. In the winter season, the air temperature ranges from -8 to +10 °С, in the summer - from +24 to +28 °С. On the part of Russia (in the northern part), the sea is subject to severe glaciation, the thickness of the ice is about 2 meters. The ice continues to stand for about 3 months.
Features of the water area
The Caspian Sea is rich in unique fish species. The most valuable of them are herring, sprat, sturgeon, beluga, vobla, carp, stellate sturgeon, sterlet.
Special is this southern sea. Where is it? In a place where there are enough oil and gas fields. Many people know about this, because it is thanks to this fact that the reservoir has become famous. Theseoil deposits are discovered not only on the coasts, but also on the seabed. The main Russian deposits are located near the borders with countries such as Azerbaijan and Turkmenistan.
Water level fluctuations and consequences
The Caspian Sea is experiencing problems due to frequent fluctuations in water levels. Indeed, as a result, nearby settlements and agricultural lands are flooded, sea piers, industrial and port structures are destroyed. Therefore, fishing villages are forced to move to other territories, there is a constant redevelopment of coastal cities. What is the cause of such Caspian fluctuations? Experts believe that the matter is in the relief and climatic conditions.
