From the information we received at school, at best, half remains in memory. However, this does not mean at all that one can refer to such sad statistics and allow oneself to speak illiterately. The most common mistakes of the current generation are the placement of stresses ("rings" or "rings"), the conjugation of verbs in written addresses ("see" or "see"), problems with commas, as well as ignorance of the spelling of complex words. And this, unfortunately, is only a small generalized part of the population's problems with the Russian language. And therefore, after reading this article, you will be able to restore in your memory the knowledge of how to conjugate verbs correctly and how to write: “see” or “see”. After all, competent speech is the first sign of a person's education.
Concept
From a morphological point of view, all verbs can change in persons (I, II, III), numbers (singular/plural), moods (indicative/imperative/conditional), tenses (past/present/future), aspect (perfect/imperfect) and recurrence by addingor removing the prefix and changing the ending. This part of speech has only two permanent properties: transitivity and conjugation. However, if the first of them is determined quite simply (when composing a phrase with a noun in the accusative case), then to check the second, you need to know a number of rules. The conjugation of a verb is the nature of its change in persons and numbers in the present tense. This property determines its ending in declension and helps to correctly use it in writing, including it determines how it is correct: “see” or “see”. Let's look into this in detail.
All about the first conjugation
Knowing this topic of Russian grammar is necessary first of all in order to be able to correctly operate with a verb, even if its personal ending is unstressed. So, the first conjugation should include words that do not have “and” in the infinitive suffix, i.e. "e, a, i, y, s, o." For example, warm, interfere, melt, sink, cover, fight. And depending on this, their personal ending changes when the verb is declined by persons and numbers, that is, in total there are 6 possible forms. This is easy to understand if you try to conjugate a few verbs. Let's take two examples: "work" and "write".
Unit number, 1 person (I) - I work, I write.
Unit number, 2nd person (you) – WORK, WRITE.
Unit number, 3rd person (he/she/it) – works, writes.
Mn. number, 1 person (we) – we work, we write.
Mn. number, 2nd person (you) - WORK, WRITE.
Mn. number, 3rd person (they) -work, write.
Conclusions and notes
Thus, it is immediately clear that in almost all forms the letter “e” is used at the end of the verb, and in the 1st person singular and 3rd person plural - “-u/-u”. However, it is worth remembering that the first conjugation also includes some words with the “-it” suffix in the infinitive, which, when changed to a personal form in the stressed ending, “-and-” will not be determined. For example, the word "drink" (drink, drink, drink, drink, drink, drink). Judging by the infinitive, it should refer to the second conjugation, but if it is changed by numbers and persons, then the first is clearly defined. Some other verbs are also contradictory, for example, how to write correctly: “sees” or “sees”? In the infinitive "e", and in the endings it is necessary to use "and", we will analyze these features later in the list of exceptions. In the meantime, you should remember a simple rule: putting the verb in the indefinite form and looking at the vowel in the suffix is not enough, you need to back it up with a check by translating it into any personal form.
All about the second conjugation
This subtopic is somewhat more complicated than the first one, as it has many exception words and subtleties. As it became clear from the previous paragraph, the second conjugation includes all those verbs whose infinitive suffix contains the letter “and”, for example, drill, rage, blame, divide, feed, etc. They all also have certain endings in all personal forms:
Unit number, 1 person (I) - divide, feed.
Unit number, 2nd person(you) - SHARE, FEED.
Unit number, 3rd person (he/she/it) - divides, feeds.
Mn. number, 1 person (we) - we divide, we feed.
Mn. number, 2nd person (you) - SHARE, FEED.
Mn. number, 3rd person (they) - SHARE, feed.
However, to understand how it is spelled - “sees” or “sees”, this information is not enough, because you need to remember the exception words first. There are only eleven verbs that do not have the “-it” suffix in the infinitive, but still belong to the second conjugation. Four of them end in “-at” (breathe, hear, drive and hold), and seven end in “-et” (see, look, hate, twirl, endure, depend, offend). Plus those words that are formed from exceptions in a prefixed way, and those that in their personal form have a stressed ending with “-and-”, even if the first conjugation is implied in the infinitive. For example, the verb "lie" (lying, lying, lying, lying, lying, lying). Thus, now when choosing a spelling - “see” or “see”, you should definitely stop at the first option.
"Special" verbs
Some more words require additional attention. So, similarly to exceptions from the first conjugation, there are those from the second. These include only three verbs: “lay” (stele, lay, lay), “shave” (shave, shave, shave) and the rarely used “build” (build). However, there are other "special" words, primarily heterogeneous. They present a much bigger problem than the choice between "sees" or "sees". How to correctlyuse, only a good memory will tell, so you need to memorize them. There are only four such verbs: want (WANT, WANT - 1st question, but WANT, WANT, WANT - 2nd question), run (only the form "run" - 1st question, the rest - 2nd), to honor (in the 3rd person plural, both options are honored and honored), to glimmer (“sparkle” - 1st question, others - 2nd). But in order to consolidate your knowledge of your native language in other topics and develop competent speech, you need to read not only textbooks, but also Russian fiction.
