Leo Nikolayevich Tolstoy once said truthfully: "Great and mighty is the Russian language." And this is true, which is why it is so difficult for foreigners. Indeed, in terms of vocabulary, Russian is one of the richest languages in the world, and even philologists take many years to master its grammar and punctuation.
In this article we will analyze the topic of homogeneous members of a sentence (OCHP), namely their concept, rules of use and punctuation marks used in this case. In particular, we will dwell in more detail on what a homogeneous predicate is and what role it plays in the text.
What is the need for the NPV
Sentences in Russian are classified into simple and complex (depending on the number of syntactic links), one-part and two-part (by the presence of both subject and predicate), as well as common and non-common (by the number of secondary members). The existence of such a rich syntax allows the formation of multifaceted complex structures and different styles of prose. And, on the contrary, as a method of simplifying the semantic load, one canuse sentences with homogeneous predicates, subjects, additions, definitions or circumstances: they eliminate the need for piling up the text and shorten it. Thus, it is possible to fit more information into a smaller verbal form.
Parse
As an example, you can make a sentence with homogeneous predicates: "At recess, the children played musical instruments, sang and danced." It is simple, two-part, widespread and at the same time not heaped up with extraneous words. The only thing that makes it complicated is homogeneous predicates, expressed by verbs in the form of the plural of the past tense and connected by punctuation marks and a single union "and". Thus, instead of a complex sentence (“During the break, some children played musical instruments, others sang, and the rest danced”), we were able to use a more compact version, retaining the same amount of information. Here, in brief, we explained what a homogeneous predicate is, and what is its role in a sentence. Now consider how to apply it in the text.
Concept
Homogeneous members are those that refer to the same word, answer the same questions and perform the same function in the sentence (subject / predicate / circumstance / object / definition). For example, "On the table were a COMPUTER, RADIO, GLOBE, a toy CAR and an elegant STATUE." All five highlighted words are dependent on the predicate and answer the general question “was therewhat?" - "computer, radio, globe, typewriter and figurine." It can also be concluded that homogeneous members can be interconnected by coordinating conjunctions (single or repeated) or punctuation marks, but then they are necessarily accompanied by enumeration intonation. Most often, this technique is used in descriptions of living objects or objects, helping to get an idea about it. In addition, they determine the special style of the proposal. So, homogeneous predicates give the text dynamism: “Dima either ran, then stumbled, then again accelerated the pace, resolutely snatching victory from his rivals.”
Morphology and punctuation
Now let's take a closer look at what a homogeneous predicate is. Namely: how it can be expressed, and what punctuation marks are used for this. The simplest technique is to use homogeneous members of the sentence in the form of one part of speech, separated from each other only by conjunctions or punctuation marks.
For example, "At the party everyone was chatting, laughing, joking and dancing." This proposition can be made more complicated by extending the homogeneous terms. It turns out: “At the party, everyone was chatting with each other, laughing loudly, joking fervently and dancing to pop music.” You can also add a generalizing word (a separate word that is specified and specified by a number of homogeneous members, while it refers to all the words of this series, answering one question with them and being the same member of the sentence). For example, “At the party everyone was chatting, laughing, joking, dancing –In other words, have fun." That is, if the generalizing word is after a number of homogeneous members, then a dash is placed before it. And if it is located at the beginning of the row (“Everyone had fun at the party: they chatted, laughed, joked and danced”), then a colon is placed after it.
Note
In general, we found out what a homogeneous predicate is, what is its role in a sentence, and what punctuation it is made without and with a generalizing word. Now it remains only to sort out the special difficulties, namely: how to recognize heterogeneous and homogeneous members of a sentence. The problem is that they can be expressed by different parts of speech and even phrases and phraseological units. For example, "Peter lay all day, slept, ate, walked and watched TV - in a word, he beat the buckets." Or “Ani’s hair grew smooth, shiny, with funny curls around her ears.”
You should also distinguish repeating words from homogeneous members of the sentence (Dad was joking, and the children LAUGHED, LAUGHED, LAUGHED), identical forms separated by the “not” particle (BELIEVE DO NOT BELIEVE, but he loves you), steady turns (NOT FISH NEITHER MEAT, NO FLUSH OR FEATHER, NEITHER GIVE OR TAKE, etc.) and compound predicates, expressed by a combination of two verbs (I WILL GO TO LOOK, LET ME DO, I WILL TAKE AND TELL). Remember that in the above situations, the underlined words are one member of the sentence!
