A compound verbal predicate is a predicate containing: an auxiliary part, which is an auxiliary verb (conjugated form), expressing the grammatical meaning of the predicate (mood, tense), and the main part, the indefinite form of the verb, which expresses its meaning from the lexical point of view. So we get this formula: auxiliary verb + infinitive=CGS.
Conditions for combining a conjugated verb with an infinitive
Since not every combination of a conjugated verb and an infinitive is expressed by a compound verb predicate, it must fulfill the following two conditions:
Auxiliary part must be lexically ambiguous. This means that without the infinitive, one auxiliary verb is not enough to understand the meaning of the sentence. For example: I wanted - what to do?; I'm starting - what should I do? There are exceptions: if the verb in the combination “verb + infinitive” is significant, then we are talking about a simpleverbal predicate, from which it follows that the infinitive is a secondary member of the sentence. For example: "Ruslan came (for what purpose?) to have dinner"
The action of the infinitive must necessarily be related to the subject, it is also called the subject infinitive. Otherwise, i.e. if the action of the infinitive is related to another member of the sentence (meaning that the infinitive is objective), then this infinitive is not part of the predicate, but acts as a secondary member. For comparison: 1) He wants to sing. In this example, the compound verb predicate is expressed by the verb combination - I want to sing. It turns out the following, he wants - he will sing - he. 2) I asked him to sing. This sentence contains a simple verbal predicate - asked and an addition - to sing. That is, he asked - I, and he will sing - he
Auxiliary verb. Its meaning
Auxiliary verb can have the following meanings:
- Phase - indicates the beginning, continuation, end of the action. This meaning can be carried by such typical verbs: become, start, start, continue, stay, finish, stop, quit, stop and others.
- Modal - denotes necessity, desirability, predisposition, ability, emotional assessment of action, etc. The following verbs and phraseological units can have this meaning: be able, want, be able, desire, intend, refuse, try, try, count, contrive, manage, try, assume, hurry, get used to,be shy, love, endure, hate, be afraid, be afraid, be afraid, be ashamed, burn with desire, set a goal, have an intention, have honor, have a habit, make a promise, etc.
Sentences with a compound verb predicate:
- She began to prepare for the move. She continued to prepare for the move. Dmitry quit smoking. They again began to talk about the hardships of modern life.
- He can sing. He wants to sing. He is afraid to sing. He loves to sing. He is ashamed to sing. He expects to sing this song.
Compound verb predicate. Examples of ways to express it
This predicate can be expressed:
- Modal verb - to be able, want, etc.
- A verb that denotes a phase of action - finish, start, etc.
- A verb that denotes an emotional assessment of an action - to be afraid, to love.
Connections in a compound verb predicate
Earlier we got acquainted with what meanings the auxiliary part can have, and now we will consider what other connectives can be in the verbal predicate:
- Short adjectives that act as auxiliary verbs. They are necessarily used with a bunch - the verb to be: They had to turn left after two kilometers.
- Status words that have the meaning of opportunity, necessity, desirability: We must expand our knowledge. Gotta learn the language.
- Words that express the emotional evaluation of the action, which is called the infinitive, namely: fun, sad,disgusting, bitter, etc. For example, on summer days it is good to wander around a birch grove.
Simple and compound verbal predicate. Main difference
Each predicate without fail carries the following two loads:
- grammatical, which indicates tense, number, mood, gender, person;
- semantic, which names the action;
But as for the simple predicate, it can easily handle both loads with a single verb. And in the verbal predicate, two words divide these loads among themselves. For example:
- grammatical and semantic load is carried by a verb expressed in one of the moods: I play;
- the grammatical semantic load is carried by the auxiliary verb - began, and the infinitive - to play carries the semantic load.
How to parse the predicate?
First, you need to specify the type of the existing predicate. And, secondly, to designate the subjective infinitive, which expresses its main part, the meaning of the auxiliary part (modal, phase), the form of the verb, which expresses the auxiliary part.
Example.
The old woman began to moan again.
Compound verb predicate – started moaning. Moaning is the main part expressed by the subjective infinitive. Started - an auxiliary part that has a phase meaning, and also expressed by the past tense verb in the indicative mood.
Verbal and nominal predicates. Maindifference
Like a compound verb, a nominal predicate contains two components:
- link (verb in conjugated form) - an auxiliary part that is designed to express grammatical meaning (mood, tense);
- nominal part (name or adverb) - the main part that expresses the lexical meaning.
Let's give examples with a nominal predicate: she became a doctor, she was a doctor, she was sick, she was sick, she came first.
Familiarizing yourself with the components of the nominal predicate, you can compare them with the components of the verbal predicate. So, what is nominal, what is the verbal predicate contain two components. A common feature is that in both the first and second cases, the auxiliary part of the verb is the conjugated form of the verb. But as for the main part, in the verbal predicate it is the infinitive, and in the nominal it is a noun or an adverb.
Complication of verbal predicate
The verb predicate can be complicated by the combination:
- two verbs;
- verbs shared with various particles.
Let's consider examples of verbal predicate complication. It can come at the expense of:
- two verbs that are in the same form, while one should indicate the action, and the second - the purpose of this action (go for a walk, go for a walk, sit down to read);
- repetition of the predicate to indicate the duration of the action (went, walked; swam, swam; I write, I write);
- repetition of the predicate, together with whichthe amplifying particle "so" is used - together they denote a high degree of the action performed (sang so sang, did so did, said so said);
- combinations of two single-root verbs together with a particle not located between them, which carry the modal meaning of impossibility (I can’t breathe, I can’t wait);
- combinations of the infinitive and the personal form of the same verb, before which there should be a particle "not", necessary for the reinforced negative meaning of the predicate (they don't explain, I didn't get stupid);
- combining the form of the verb "to take" with the same form of another verb using the unions "and", "yes", "yes and" - in order to indicate any action that is determined by the whim of the subject (took and hid, take it and write, they took it and left);
- combinations of a personal verb or its infinitive with the particle "let's (come on)", necessary to express motivation or an invitation to joint action (let's fight, let's talk);
- combinations of the verb and the particle "know (to yourself)" in order to denote an action that takes place despite the obstacle (know yourself grins, know yourself chuckles);
- combinations of a verb and a particle "to oneself", necessary to express a process that takes place despite the will of a person (spins to himself without closing his eyes).
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Atypical cases of constructing a verb predicate
Such a special type of verbal predicate can be represented in those sentences where the main members are expressed by indefinite verbs. The auxiliary part of such a predicate is atypical for a compound verb, since it is represented by the linking verb "to be" found in compound nominal predicates. If the sentence is composed in the present tense, then the link "to be" is omitted (if you are afraid of wolves - do not go into the forest). Also, in addition to the verb "to be", the auxiliary part can be represented by the verb "mean" (if you don't come, it means you will offend).
", "should", also modal adverbs and nouns (was willing to wait).
Summarize
First of all, you need to distinguish between simple and compound verbal predicates. We already know how they differ, so we will give examples of sentences with them to consolidate the topic “Compound Verbal Predicate”.
- Stay another week. Let's stay -simple predicate.
- I don't mean to offend you. I don’t want to offend - a compound predicate.
It is also very easy to distinguish between compound nominal and compound verb predicate. Sentences with them have a completely different semantic connotation, since these predicates are expressed by different members of the sentence. To consolidate the material, we give a comparison:
- She needs to learn. Must learn - compound verb predicate.
- The weather was bad. It was bad - nominal predicate.
