Electric field, according to elementary physical concepts, is nothing but a special kind of material environment that arises around charged bodies and affects the organization of interaction between such bodies at a certain finite speed and in a strictly limited space.
It has long been proven that an electric field can occur both in motionless and in motion bodies. The main sign of the presence of this type of matter is its effect on electric charges.
One of the main quantitative characteristics of the electric field is the concept of "field strength". In numerical terms, this term means the ratio of the force that acts on the test charge, directly to the quantitative expression of this charge.
E=F / q ex.
The fact that the charge is trial means that it does not take any part in the creation of this field, and its value is so small that it does not lead to any distortion of the original data. The field strength is measured in V / m, which is conditionally equal to N / C.
Famous Englishresearcher M. Faraday introduced the method of graphic representation of the electric field into scientific circulation. In his opinion, this special kind of matter in the drawing should be depicted in the form of continuous lines. They subsequently began to be called "lines of electric field strength", and their direction, based on the basic physical laws, coincides with the direction of tension.
Field lines are necessary to show such qualitative characteristics of tension as density or density. In this case, the density of tension lines depends on their number per unit area. The created picture of field lines allows you to determine the quantitative expression of the field strength in its individual sections, as well as find out how it changes.
The electric field of dielectrics has rather interesting properties. As you know, dielectrics are substances in which there are practically no free charged particles, therefore, as a result, they are not able to conduct electric current. These substances include, first of all, all gases, ceramics, porcelain, distilled water, mica, etc.
In order to determine the field strength in a dielectric, an electric field should be passed through it. Under its action, the bound charges in the dielectric begin to shift, but they are not able to leave the limits of their molecules. The directionality of the displacement implies that positively charged ones are displaced along the direction of the electric field, and negatively charged ones are displaced against. ATAs a result of these manipulations, a new electric field arises inside the dielectric, the direction of which is directly opposite to the external one. This internal field noticeably weakens the external one, therefore, the intensity of the latter decreases.
Field strength is its most important quantitative characteristic, which is directly proportional to the force with which this special kind of matter acts on an external electric charge. Despite the fact that it is impossible to see this value, using the drawing of field lines of tension, you can get an idea of its density and direction in space.
