The information in this article is intended to give a better understanding of the two bones in our body, namely the ischium and the femur. We will look at their structural features, such as the presence of a branch at the ischium or a trochanter at the femur, as well as their shape and ossification process.
General anatomical information
The ischium is a structure in the body, consisting of two elements, one of which represents its angled branch, and the second is called the body. The bone body is involved in the formation of the posterior part of the acetabulum. On the back of the body there is a bony protrusion called the ischial spine. Behind him is the ischial notch. In the lower part, the bone body smoothly transforms into part of the branch, which is located in the upper part of the same bone. A small notch of this bone is located under the ischial spine, and in the opposite direction from it (on the other side) is the posterior obturator tubercle. The ischium of the pelvis has rough thickenings on the backsurface of the lower part of the curved fragment of the chain, they are called ischial tubercles. In the anterior part, the branches fuse with the lower part of the pubic bone.
The ischium has thickenings similar to those of the pubic bone. For example, a body located in the acetabulum, and branches that form an angle with respect to each other. This formation has a strongly thickened apex and is called the ischial tuberosity.
Along the posterior surface of the body and upward towards the tubercle is the lesser ischial notch. It is separated by an awn from a large tenderloin. Part of the bone departs from the tubercle and protrudes into the lower part of the pubic bone. This formation is designed to surround the obturator foramen, which lies in the lower part medially with respect to the acetabulum. It has a triangular shape and rounded corners. A general view of the ischium in the photo is provided below.
The process of ossification
The ossification of the ischial bone occurs in four stages, which we will now consider, and also trace the connections between them. The first period of ossification begins in a newborn child. In his x-ray image, 3 parts of the pelvis can be clearly distinguished, which are separated by large gaps. In some places of contact between the bones of the pubis and the ischium, the lumen is not visible. This means that in these areas the bones are projected one onto the other, and vice versa. The picture shows that they are one whole fragment, similar to claws, but not closed. After 8 years, at the second stage, the branches are combined intoan integral structure, and by the age of 14-16, when the third stage begins, in the area of \u200b\u200bthe acetabulum, the remaining branch connects to the ilium, so they form the pelvic bone. In the interval from 12 to 19 years, points begin to form, to which muscles and ligaments will be attached. The final stage of ossification of the ischium occurs in the period from 20 to 25 years, which is caused by their fusion with the main bone mass.
Gender differences
The structure of the pelvic bones in both sexes is different. This is due to the female reproductive function: the bones of the pelvis of the expectant mother must be more plastic so that the fetus passes through the birth canal. The difference in structure between the male and female pelvic bone appears from the age of 20. Before the manifestation of sexual differences, it retains the appearance of an elongated funnel, characteristic of childhood. Synostosis of the ischium in the areas of the acetabulum occurs with the help of additional formations from the bones. They may stay for a long time. X-ray shows them clearly, they look like debris.
Introduction to the structure of the femur
Based on the anatomy of the femur, it should be concluded that this is a formation represented by tubular bone tissue. Her body is shaped like a cylinder, slightly curved in front; a rough strip (linea aspera) runs along its surface behind, serving as a place of attachment for muscles and tendons. At the bottom, the body begins to expand.
Anatomical description
We will begin to consider the anatomy of the femur from the proximal epiphysis. On its surface is the head of this bone (caput femoris) with the articular surface located on it, which articulates with the acetabulum. There is a dimple in the central part of the surface on the head. The connection of the head and body of the bone is clearly expressed by the neck (Cullum femoris). The axis of this formation is at the level of an angle of one hundred and thirty degrees with respect to the longitudinal axis. The transition area of the neck into the body has two tubercles, called the greater and lesser skewers. The first protrudes in the lateral (outer side) direction and is easily detected through the skin. The second is located on the back on the inside. Not far from the greater trochanter on the site of the femoral neck lies the trochanteric fossa (fossa trochanterica). The skewers are connected at the front with an intertrochanteric line, while the posterior region is connected with a ridge.
The anatomy of the femur is arranged in such a way that the distal end of its body, starting to expand, flows into the lateral and medial condyles, between which lies the intercondylar fossa (fossa intercondylaris), clearly expressed behind.
The condyles of the femur have articular surfaces, with the help of which the articulation of the femur with the tibia and patella takes place. The superficial radius of the condyles decreases from anterior to posterior direction, forming a spiral.
Summing up
From the above information, we can draw conclusions regarding the structure of the bones of the ischium andhips. Both bones belong to the bones of the lower part of our body, they differ greatly in structural features and are formations of different types: the femur is called mixed, and the ischium is flat. The femur, unlike the ischium, has a simpler ossification process.
