Man is a social creature and he needs society for a comfortable existence. Coming to the physical world, the child at the very first stage of his development is faced with various kinds of rules, beliefs, dogmas, laws, in the end, a system that existed long before he was born. Taking his first steps, he is forced to accept the rules of the game in life and become an active participant in it, that is, to socialize.
Defining a phenomenon
Socialization of a personality is the process of joining a person to society through the development of the basic elements of the culture to which he belongs upon birth, with the subsequent formation of a social "I". It is worth noting that the transformation of a person begins directly with the desire to live and work for the common good through the realization of one's abilities.
Without this, it is not possible to transfer spiritual we alth from one generation to another. It is thanks to traditions and history that a person is able to create and create something new, relying on the invaluable experience and achievements of his ancestors.
Evolution of public lifehuman
Traditionally, there are two stages in the development of this phenomenon:
Primary - is established in small communities of people who are well acquainted with each other, such as family members, friends, etc. Communication with this category directly affects the formation of personality.
Secondary - takes place in the sphere of business relations.
The primary socialization of a person's personality is the most significant, because it is at the stage of early childhood that an individual develops self-consciousness and the fundamental attitudes of behavior in society are laid. And it is the parents who serve as the initial example and model of cultural values. Further, educational institutions, schools, etc. are connected to this process.
The youthful stage is a transitional period, which is marked by an increasing need to study the world around us, penetrating into all its little-studied layers, in the pursuit of self-assertion in this world, in search of a qualitative standard of behavior. The end of adolescence is marked by the assertion of oneself as an independent person, the acquisition of a certain social and moral core, the realization of one's true interests and abilities, with the beginning of a new stage of development within the framework of growing up.
The socialization of a personality is a process that does not end even in adulthood, but is already significantly slowing down. At this stage, a person tries on various social roles: spouse or spouse, the role of a worker in society, etc., also acquires the status of an active participant in social andother activities.
Collective intelligence and individuality
It is through communication with other people that a person reveals his uniqueness. This experience, which is the basis of the process of socialization of the individual, also serves as a source of its individualization and creative application of its abilities. A person transforms the accumulated baggage of knowledge into personal attitudes, life principles and the skill of independent thinking. This is clearly seen in the example of the formation of a child’s speech and language learning: there are general spelling rules, grammar, etc., but the ability to speak and write is one of the central skills that can emphasize a person’s individuality: not everyone knows the Russian word equally and have exceptional writing ability.
Socialization of the child population
A person is a unit of society, which is the engine of progress or its participant, which contributes to the formation of social reality with a certain level of consciousness - and what it will be saturated with, what ideals and standards, it will influence the socialization of the child's personality.
The baby begins the knowledge of the world from his immediate environment. And, of course, the closest people are the parents, and at the very first stage of life - the mother. This primary relationship between infant and mother gives rise to strong emotions, which are a solid foundation and one of the most importantconditions of socialization of the individual.
And the first step is the formation of early attachments. The decisive role here is played not so much by the contact with the mother and her nourishment with love, but by the feeling of security that communication with a native creature gives. Social development of a person fundamentally depends on the emergence of stable ties with people directly in early childhood. This is the main key to integration into society for most people of different nationalities, brought up in different cultures.
Game as a way of knowing the world
Starting from a year, the main channel of a child's cognition is a game, the generally accepted categories of which are the following:
- Oh single self.
- Parallel actions - starting from the year the child actively copies the actions of others, but so far without the desire to become an active participant in this activity.
- Associative - starting at about three years of age, children increasingly compare their behavior with the behavior of others.
- Co-operative – From around the age of four, children are increasingly attracted to activities that require cooperation.
The game serves as a tool for children to learn about the adult world. They acquire new skills and follow the behavior of adults. The child pays attention to how mom is talking on the phone, dad is fastening his belt, etc. and they transfer these actions to the game environment, translating into their own language. The development and socialization of the individual goes through direct imitation of other people, especiallyadults. As far as he successfully implements his actions in the game, his transition to real society will be so smooth and adequate. This is a kind of preparation stage.
A child at preschool age is very susceptible to various kinds of events: everything that happens to him settles in his emotional memory. And, accordingly, the knowledge of the environment begins at the level of sensory perception. Those phenomena that find emotional resonance in the child's soul form the basis of his first social experience. The development of mental processes, including imagination as a ground for creativity, the creation of a new one, occurs precisely at this age. And the successful realization of a person in society is possible provided that he is able to make some contribution to it from his side, intellectual or otherwise, thus becoming not just a consumer, but also a producer.
For the harmonious socialization of a child's personality, it is necessary to master the ability to evaluate one's behavior on a par with the actions of others, which is an integral part in the formation of the psyche of a small person.
Childhood as a separate reality
From the point of view of the position occupied by a person in society, early age is different in that it is the main stage in the process of socialization of the individual, when its foundations are laid.
Several centuries earlier, the idea of childhood, which is natural for modern society, did not exist. Children were included in adulthood from birthwithout the presence of clearly defined boundaries between a small child and an adult. The invented world of toys, in which children grow and educate today, the desire to buy them cute, cute little things, to protect them from everything that, according to an adult, can somehow harm - all this has become the norm in human life relatively recently. This is evidenced by works of art, paintings in which older and younger are depicted in the same social environment, sharing the same occupations, which indicates the continuity of generations, which we no longer observe in a huge number of cases today due to the gap and misunderstanding between members. even one family. The formation of a new concept of childhood began after the invention of printing, which made a kind of revolution in the cultural life of society. And today the Internet is making a similar revolution with its erasing of frames and boundaries, on the one hand, and even greater separation, on the other.
But no matter what definitions fall into the category of childhood, the interaction of the child with society begins at the earliest stage of its development. From infancy, the baby takes part in social life: he reacts to the mood of his parents, attracts their attention by crying, screaming as needs arise, thereby influencing the behavior of an adult. All mental activity of the crumbs is carried out through communication with loved ones.
Steps of social development of a child
To date, the literature presents the following point of view on the phenomenon under study and itsinformation component:
- traditional: adapting to the environment;
- integration: a combination of social processes due to which a person, assimilating a certain idea of the prevailing ideas about the value and equivalence of things, acquires the ability to act reasonably in society (J. S. Kon);
- individualization: the process of development of a person's personality in a society of people (A. V. Mudrik).
This approach can be correlated with the stages of the child's social development. Those ideas that he receives in the process of communicating with the world become knowledge - an objective opinion about the surrounding reality. Knowledge is the theoretical basis for practical activities, which, in turn, serves as the basis for the development of children's creative activity or their individualization.
Conditions for integration into society
Socialization of the individual is the entry of an individual into the human environment through the adoption of a certain social role, the implementation of which can be carried out through a number of factors. The most important condition is being in a group of people, the composition of which varies in accordance with the age category, goals and values of both the subject himself and the needs of the society in which he lives.
Relatively studied factors of personality socialization are usually divided as follows:
- Megafactors. Universe, planet, world, Internet.
- Macro factors. Country, state.
- Mesofactors. Settlements, cities, subcultures.
- Microfactors. Family, friends, peers,kindergartens, various public and other organizations.
Socialization agents
The world around us is in constant motion and renewal, forcing you to wake up in the morning and move with it. Man is a creature that is able to adapt to different living conditions in its quest to survive. And various agents or institutions of personality socialization are involved in this process.
Institutions mean organizations within which a person is introduced into society.
- Family for a child is a key agent, since it is with her that a person's acquaintance with society begins. Native people not only make it possible to integrate into the system as a separate individual, but also provide a certain social status, in which the efforts and work of previous generations were invested.
- Peers are those agents who teach communication on an equal footing, unlike other institutions where interaction is built on the principle of hierarchy. Relations with similar participants in the system allow the younger generation to better know and understand their needs and abilities, advantages and disadvantages against the background of others.
- School is a formal institution with a set of academic disciplines and a certain, as some sociologists call it, hidden program, within which specific prototypes of behavior are rooted that contribute to the preservation of social order.
- Mass media form patterns of behavior in children that they do not observe in the family and amongyour friends.
- Work is the most important environment for an adult, in which the process of getting used to the conditions of life in society continues.
A man needs a man
Mowgli is not a case from a fairy tale, but a very real story, and more than one. And the socialization of the individual is a way and a way of survival in the modern world. Despite the fact that a person is born among people, nevertheless, any individual needs social adaptation. It gives a person the opportunity to integrate into society through the ability to analyze what is happening, assess their capabilities and respond accordingly, adjusting their behavior depending on the situation. All this is based on generally accepted cliches and norms, which, on the one hand, level out individual differences, but on the other hand, help a person take his place under the sun.
As you know, a person without a past has no future - these words are also true in the framework of the role of socialization of a person's personality and his becoming a successful participant in the system to which he belongs. To create something new, you must first learn to imitate what already exists, in other words, study the experience gained by generations. From early childhood, one can observe the principle of imitation inherent in a person: a child imitates adults in his actions, as described above.
Against the background of all of the above, the socialization of the individual in society is a two-way process. At the initial stage of development, a person for the most part accepts and uses the existing knowledge base, that is, he is a consumer, but asevolution begins to contribute to the prosperity of society.
