The essay "The problem of ecology in "Farewell to Matera"" is written by schoolchildren already in high school. By this time, the student is already a practically formed personality, able to analyze, draw parallels between a work of art and real life, offer his own point of view, justified by various arguments.
Storylines
The work of V. G. Rasputin runs through many threads that connect people with each other, with Matera, where they live, with a social system that requires a person to make efforts to arrange a new happy life and ruthlessly erase the past. But can a system that denies its roots survive?
Ecological problems in the work "Farewell to Matera" affect the ecology and human relations, and the faith of each individual, and actions, and, of course,state of the environment. Be prudent, read this work if you have not yet taken it in your hands, and pay attention to the following important details.
Nature and man
Each of us biologically belongs to nature. In the course of its historical development, man has learned to demonstrate his strength by creating ever better living conditions for himself: literally draining the seas, turning back the course of rivers, comparing mountains with the earth. Sometimes we do not think about the consequences, and only today we have gained the ability to see the fruits of activities that took place many decades (and even centuries) ago.
It was people who exterminated many animals, became a source of environmental pollution, and contributed to global warming. And although in Rasputin's story "Farewell to Matera" the problem of ecology in its direct meaning is clearly raised only in some fragments, the general background of the work makes the reader think.
Beliefs and values
Each hero of the story has his own system of values. Although Matera is a native place for each of them, each has its own attitude towards it. The older generation does not know life outside their native island, outside their small village. For them, wiping Matera off the face of the earth is like signing a sentence for themselves: this new world with a violent rhythm of life, global plans, deadlines for completing tasks and a “five-year plan in three years” is closed to them. These people remember their roots. In Farewell to Matera, the problem of ecology is not the main thing for them. Take away from old peoplesacred is their land, their memory, their youth.
The younger generation are people hungry for action. As you know, all the revolutions of the world were carried out by the hands of young people, because they do not just want happiness - they strive for it. A sense of respect for the past is developed as they grow older, and these people still do not understand the beliefs of the old people. Behind their backs, they laugh at them because they believe in the prospects that tomorrow promises. They have a right to it, it has always been like this.
The most nondescript, and on the other hand, the most rational, looks like the middle generation. They - their parents - are still alive, but they already have children, and they simply must understand both of them, at least in part. Perhaps that is why middle-aged characters seem "smooth" and do not stand out as extremes in character.
Towards a brighter future
At the lessons of literature, this work is usually considered from one point of view. The new government turns out to be guilty of not listening to people, and this has its own meaning. But do you remember how the industrialization, electrification, and collectivization of the country took place? How were their property taken from the churches? Seemingly terrible things. But the Great Patriotic War showed that it was only thanks to these actions of the authorities that resources were obtained - financial, industrial, material - to survive and protect our Motherland. The problem of ecology in "Farewell to Matera" is a complex issue, and it cannot be considered unambiguously. However, one important point must be noted,for which there was no justification, and no.
Understanding
Different generations may have different faiths: old people - to respect their ancestors, roots, native land; young people - to crave action, to move forward, to demonstrate their strength. But the inability and, most importantly, unwillingness to understand each other - this is the main problem of the story, if you dig a little deeper.
The question of fathers and children, so vividly demonstrated by Turgenev, rises in its entirety: how can one talk about the problem of ecology in "Farewell to Mother" if people cannot understand each other even in small things? And only at the moment when we learn to see someone else's point of view, we will be able to solve truly difficult issues without the use of violence.
Inoculation against stupidity
As you know, stupidity is not condemned, but scolded for unwillingness to grow wiser. Pay attention to the following argument on the issue of ecology in "Farewell to Matera": the authorities that destroy nature at the hands of youth have already outlived their usefulness - we know this from the lessons of history. That country is no more, and society has become smarter.
Of course, it was possible to solve the problems of the state in other ways, but the rake passed at that time turned out to be effective. It is terrible to imagine what people with such convictions would do today, when human capabilities have multiplied many times over. Thus, the "environmental stupidities" of forty, fifty and a hundred years ago can be considered an inoculation against their repetition and aggravation in the future.
Parallels with modernity
BIn conclusion, I would like to note that the issue of denying the roots, erasing the past in favor of a brighter future is being sharply raised today. With the advent of a new government in a neighboring, blood-related country, our common ancestors were subjected to revision. There is nothing wrong with developing a national identity, but if it is built on a destructive rather than a creative beginning, it will not last long.
Just like in Farewell to Matera, the problem of the ecology of relations between generations is of particular importance: without mutual understanding within the country, no future can be built, without the desire to take into account the interests of each side, it will not be possible to move the heavy burden of responsibility authorities to every citizen. Otherwise, it will turn out, like grandfather Krylov in the fable about the Swan, Cancer and Pike: everyone will pull in their own direction, the cart will fall apart.
