For a long time in the domestic education system, children were divided into ordinary and with disabilities. Therefore, the second group could not fully integrate into society. Not because the children themselves were not ready for society, on the contrary, it was he who was not prepared for them. Now, when everyone is striving to include people with disabilities in the life of society as much as possible, there is more and more talk about the new system. This is an inclusive education, which will be discussed in the article.
What does that mean?
Most often, the term, which is still unusual for us, is used in pedagogy. Inclusive is an education strategy that includes both children with special needs and ordinary ones. This approach allows everyone, regardless of their social status, mental abilities and physical abilities, to learn together with everyone. What is meant by inclusion anyway?
First, an introduction to the educational process of all children with the help of a program that is created individually for each child.
Wo-second, the creation of conditions for learning and meeting the individual needs of the individual.
Inclusion in preschool
A new approach to education starts from its very first stage: kindergarten. In order to provide children with equal opportunities, the premises and equipment of a preschool institution must meet certain requirements. And we should not forget that the teaching staff must have the appropriate qualifications to work with children. It is also mandatory to have the following employees on staff:
- speech therapist;
- defectologist;
- psychologist.
Inclusive Kindergarten is an opportunity to nurture in children a respectful attitude towards all peers, regardless of their abilities, from a very early age. In this period of time, there are the following types of inclusion in preschool education:
- DOW of a compensating type. It is attended by children with certain forms of dysontogenesis. Training is tailored to their needs.
- DOW of a combined type, where along with children who do not have restrictions, children with other needs are also brought up. In such an institution, a subject-developing environment is created that takes into account the individual capabilities of all children.
- DOE, on the basis of which additional services are created. For example, early intervention services or counseling centers.
- Massive preschools with a short stay group "Special Child".
But inclusion is being introduced not only in kindergartens, it affects all levels of education.
School Inclusion
Now let's talk about secondary education. An inclusive school involves following the same principles as a preschool educational institution. This is the creation of suitable conditions and the construction of the learning process, taking into account the individual capabilities of the student. It is very important that special students participate in all aspects of school life just like other students.
Teachers must be competent in inclusive issues, must understand the needs of all children, ensuring the accessibility of the educational process. Other specialists (speech therapist, defectologist, psychologist) should also be involved in the school process.
Also, the educator should actively interact with the special student's family. One of the primary tasks of the teacher is to develop a tolerant attitude towards children in the whole class, whose abilities may differ from those generally accepted.
In the theater
It turns out that the inclusive area is the lot of not only teachers, but also people of other professions. For example, theater. This would create an inclusive theater.
It is played not by ordinary actors, but by people with various forms of dysontogenesis (problems with hearing, vision, cerebral palsy, etc.). Professional theater teachers work with them. Spectators can watch how actors perform in famous plays, how they try to please them. It is noteworthy that their emotions are distinguished by the real sincerity that is characteristic of children.
The founders of such theaters do not just helpsuch people find themselves in society, but also prove that they have great opportunities. Of course, staging "special" performances is not easy, but the emotions and feelings that all participants in the theatrical performance receive add confidence to them.
Problems of inclusion
Despite the fact that inclusive principles are correct and necessary in modern society, the implementation of such a program is not an easy task. And there are several reasons for this:
- unsuitable infrastructure of kindergartens and schools built at a time when this approach was not practiced;
- children with special needs may be considered unteachable;
- insufficient qualifications of teaching staff to work with such children;
- not all parents are ready to introduce their child into normal society.
An inclusive approach is an opportunity to create the right conditions for all members of society, regardless of their mental and physical characteristics. But in order to fully realize all the possibilities of an innovative approach, it is necessary to create the necessary conditions for its successful implementation. Russia is now only at the beginning of an inclusive path, so it is necessary to prepare not only the material, but also the educational base for the implementation of this educational process.
