In the late 1920s - early 1930s in the USSR, on the initiative of the CPSU (b), mass collectivization took place in rural areas. The process of collectivization and the creation of large agricultural enterprises of the socialist type was hampered by the lack of a material and technical base in the countryside. The peasants were not interested in working for the state, which uses the physical labor of people, without giving almost any pay for it.
What is MTS in the USSR?
In 1929, at the 15th Party Congress, they analyzed the situation in the country's agriculture. The party leadership once again emphasized that it is necessary to create large-scale agricultural production in the countryside so that the city is provided with bread, cereals and other products. Realizing that the state should provide the newly created collective enterprises with equipment to reduce the share of non-mechanized production processes, Stalin positively assessed the work of the first MTS. By the way, what is the decoding of the MTS abbreviation? The USSR created machine and tractor stations, which were abbreviated as MTS.
History of creation and development of machine and tractor stations
Firstthe machine and tractor station in the Union was established in 1927. Place of creation - the village of Shevchenkovo, Odessa region, Ukraine. By the way, this is no coincidence, because the Odessa region has always been famous for the abundance of rationalization ideas, which almost immediately after their implementation showed their effectiveness and gave real material results. At the above congress, the party positively assessed the activities of the first Soviet MTS.
Stalin saw in the development of a network of tractor stations one of the foundations for implementing the party concept of collectivization in agriculture. The task set by the congress for the leaders of the agrarian direction was to actively cover the whole country with tractor equipment by the system of service stations. Many party employees personally (there was an excursion) saw what MTS is. In the USSR, the number of such enterprises in 1931 was already 1228. Since the pace of collectivization was growing (1932 was the peak of the formation of collective farms), it was necessary to create new technical enterprises. Analyzing the statistical data for 1933, we see an increase in the number of MTSs by more than two times (up to 2886), and in 1934 the state opened about 500 more stations. The party leadership was not going to stop at this either, so another task was set. In 1937 (and we all know what time it was), the number of stations was to be 6,000. Of course, the result was achieved, because in the years of mass repressions and the heyday of denunciations, failure to comply with party directives was often punished by camps or execution.
Orderinteraction between MTS and collective farms
What is the MTS in the USSR for the collective farms themselves? In each collective farm, the leaders also saw the need for mechanization of labor, because this led to an increase in labor productivity and crop yields. Without their own equipment, collective farms in the face of MTS saw support from the state.
How was the cooperation organized? The machine and tractor station owned equipment, the production of which was also constantly growing. Tractors, combines and other equipment were provided to collective farms for rent. Collective farms paid MTS the cost of renting equipment at the expense of the money they received for handing over the crop to the state. In the event of a breakdown of a tractor, combine, or seed drill, MTS mechanics came to the collective farm on a call, inspected the equipment and repaired it.
Political aspect of MTS activities
In the 1930s, any economic activity was directly related to political issues. Each tractor station had a political department headed by a deputy director for political work. The tasks of the department included the management of the party organizations of the MTS and the collective farms attached to it. Responsibility for the quality work of the MTS was borne not only by the director, but also by the political department. This is not surprising, because any failure in the operation of the economic mechanism in those years was regarded as sabotage, and this was already on the political side.
What is MTS in the USSR, now, we hope, it is clear to everyone. Without a technical basis, collectivization would most likely be impossible.
