Since the invention of the pencil for writing and drawing, its types have been constantly modified and new ones invented. What kind of pencils are not available now: ordinary colored ones, with which schoolchildren draw in the classroom; wax and lead used in professional painting; "simple" - for drawings and geometric constructions (their stylus consists of graphite and, depending on hardness, writes in a range of colors from light gray to black); chemical - used in design offices for voluminous drawing work; cosmetic pencils… And all of them are used to varying degrees by us in various areas of life.
Nakhimichili
Indelible pencil - his invention was a real find in drawing, copying, shorthand. They could write, draw, paint a paper surface, make indelible notes, and much more. Under the wooden "clothing" of such stationery is a special graphite stylus. When dry, it leaves light, inconspicuoustraces and marks. But once the tip of the stylus is moistened with water or even with the tongue, its color changes, it begins to write boldly, brightly, and it is impossible to remove it from the paper. This is because the chemical pencil includes dyes that dissolve when exposed to moisture. The same result will be if you draw a dry lead over the moistened surface of the same paper sheet. The dyes added to the rod are rhodamine (it records from bright pink to a deep juicy tone of the same shade), eosin (also intense pink, turning into red), auramine (rich yellow). These mineral additives make the chemical pencil not only durable, but also, by combining different primary and secondary colors, increase the variety of its color range.
By the end of the 20th century, the popularity of chemical pencils began to decline - they were actively replaced first by ballpoint pens and then by gel pens. However, even now they are still found in various fields of production. They apply inscriptions or contours of drawings on glass, plaster, ceramic, iron and other surfaces. The hardness of such marking polymeric pencils is selected depending on the type of surface to be worked on. And the honor of inventing the first chemical pencil belongs to Edson Clark, who patented his invention back in 1866. In 1928, it was somewhat improved - a small can of water was attached to the chemical pencil itself, and when it was necessary to moisten the rod, the writer pressed it. Through the drain, moisture entered the rod, and the reaction of dyes with water and paperwas ready!
Pencil and cosmetics
For cosmetic purposes, an art pencil is used to apply makeup. Its texture is usually dense, but extremely delicate, because not only eyebrows, but also eyes are painted with such a pencil, and the skin on the eyelids is easily injured and requires delicate handling. The composition of the stylus of such pencils, in addition to a variety of color pigments, includes natural substances: palm oil-based glyceride, moisture-saturated castor oil - they perform a caring function; bees, fruit and other types of waxes, which have increased refractoriness and provide make-up with durability and strength for a long time; substances that eliminate possible allergic reactions.
Professional artist tool
And finally, a charcoal pencil. As the name already implies, its core is made of coal with the addition of a certain amount of linseed oil. Such an additive imparts additional density and color saturation to charcoal, greater adhesion to paper fibers. The trail it leaves is soft and pitch black.
Due to its composition, the charcoal pencil is equally good for both sketching and drawing in the final version. Using it, the artist can depict both dark and transparent light shades. The special convenience of the pencil is that it can be easily removed from the paper, leaving almost no marks.
