Computer technologies in the modern world have become part of the life of people in the information post-industrial society. This became possible due to the fact that at the beginning of the 21st century, computer technology began to develop rapidly. The consequence of this was an increase in the amount of available information accumulated by society. In addition, people have gained the opportunity to use a large number of communication channels precisely thanks to computers. These means of communication today can be found almost everywhere. They have become common equipment in the subway and in stores, in government and commercial organizations, in everyday life and on the street. Computer technologies have found their application in education and science, in production, in medicine and other areas of society.
Basic concept
The word "technology" in Greek means "skill, craftsmanship, art". All these concepts mean certain processes, which are a set of any actions performedin order to achieve the set goal. All of them are carried out through a strategy chosen by a person and are implemented using a combination of various methods and means.
Information technology is also understood as a certain process. In its implementation, a set of methods and means are used for collecting, further processing, and also for transmitting data. All these actions are performed in order to obtain qualitatively new information about the process, phenomenon or state of the object.
The purpose of such technologies is to produce information for human analysis. Only on the basis of the data received, it is possible to make a decision on the implementation of a particular action in the future.
In modern society, the emphasis of significance and attention is shifted from financial, labor, natural, material, that is, traditional types of resources to information. The latter, of course, have always existed. But they have never been considered as an economic or any other category. The information resources of society are the knowledge that was prepared by people for social use and fixed on any material carrier. To date, IT has gone through several stages on its historical path. The change of each of them was determined by the development of scientific and technological progress, as well as the emergence of new means used for processing information.
Role of PC
Modern man is actively working with personalcomputer. It serves as the main means for him to process the necessary information. The emergence of the PC had a significant impact on the concept of building technological processes, as well as on their use. All this led to an increase in the quality of the resulting information.
The introduction of a personal computer into modern life was a new stage in the development of IT. As a result, another word has been added to the name of this technology. She became known as a computer. This defines the concept quite clearly. It becomes clear that a person uses a computer as the main technical means for implementing information technology. And now this direction is a priority. For example, we see the widespread use of computer technology in science and education. They find application in other areas of society.
PC in education
The purpose of creating computers is to make life easier for people. However, sometimes working with computers causes a lot of problems for a person. That is why modern education faces the task of adapting students and teachers to life in the information society. But not only that. A modern person should be able to competently use computer technology for work. Only in this case, his labor activity will become as productive and creative as possible.
The use of modern computer technologies in education is a very urgent task. Its implementation becomes important inconditions of complication of production processes and dynamically changing life.
The education system that exists in modern society faces a number of problems. They are fundamentally new for learning and consist in the need to increase the availability of knowledge and its quality. How to complete this task? This is possible only in the case of developing and using the most optimal systems for education, as well as strengthening the connection between different levels of knowledge acquisition. These problems can be solved in various ways. The most effective of them will be the use of computer technology in education.
Relevance of CT application
The emergence of computer technology in education has made it possible to create a qualitatively new learning environment. It became the basis for the development, as well as the modernization of the existing system.
Today, computer technologies in education are in key positions at almost all stages of obtaining knowledge. At the same time, they perform several functions at the same time. So, computer technologies in education are tools, as well as objects of knowledge. That is why their use provides a revolutionary development of the learning system. Referring to the class of innovative, they allow you to quickly accumulate intellectual potential, which in the future will become a guarantee of the sustainable development of society.
Effectiveness of using CT
At all times, the system of obtaining knowledge could be considered advanced if it was based on the latest achievements of the scientific and technological sphere. Of course, you can putdoubt the effectiveness of the educational process if the teacher uses outdated methods and scientific and educational data. After all, every year there is an increase in the amount of information received by a person. At the same time, it is increasingly exerting its influence on the development of science, culture and the acquisition of knowledge.
Today, the use of computer technology in education has become an objective reality. The use of an electronic form for receiving, storing, as well as transmitting and processing information, as well as online access to data using the Internet, allows you to repeatedly increase the efficiency of a person.
The use of computer technology in education is especially important for the creation of illustrated teaching tools, as well as the implementation of their didactic capabilities. Such forms of visualization serve not only as an addition to verbal information. They themselves are its carrier, which contributes to the strengthening of the mental activity of students. Provided by computer technologies in education, graphics and tables, audiovisual aids, diagrams, etc., are elements of electronic and printed educational materials. At the same time, they play a significant role in the development of cognitive and intellectual activity of students.
Information and computer technologies in education should be used in connection with the fact that they allow you to effectively implement such didactic principles as activity, consciousness, visibility, accessibility, etc.
CT capabilities
Modern computer technologies in education allow:
- carry out rational organization of cognitive activity;
- raise the level of the learning process, making it as effective as possible by involving all types of sensory perception of children;
- get and consolidate professional skills;
- increase the student's motivation to gain knowledge and the level of his self-education;
- ensure more knowledge;
- develop creative and intellectual abilities;
- learn how to work with a variety of sources of information;
- implement advanced trends in education;
- gain access to a single global information space.
Computer technologies are also used in special education. They allow you to involve in the learning process those categories of students who have different abilities and learning styles from others.
When using computer technologies in education, it becomes possible to build an open system for obtaining knowledge. At the same time, pedagogical methods are being improved. Thus, education using CT becomes a more flexible system. This happens due to the automation of most routine processes. At the same time, learning begins to respond more actively to the changes that occur in the world around us.
For teachers, information and computer technologies in education are associated with the possibilities of using the intellectual form of labor. The teacher is freed from the presentation of a largevolume of educational material. At the same time, the student not only masters the subject better, but also learns to master the skills he has received.
CT usage trends
How are computer technologies used in education? To date, there are two trends in this direction. One of them is the personalization of the learning process, and the second is its technologization.
The first of these two trends involves maintaining feedback, that is, contact between the teacher and the student in the application of technology. The second is a significant expansion of the audience of students.
In personalization, the student is an active participant in receiving and transmitting information. But technologization, in which large-scale educational electronic moments are considered, limits the role of the student only to the consumption of material and its assimilation.
Both approaches find their use in face-to-face teaching. However, when using computer technologies in the field of education, these concepts are transformed into a completely different quality, gaining a new life. For example, lecture material for students can be listened to not only within the walls of an educational institution. It can be found in any other place where there are digital communication channels and appropriate devices. In this case, the usual presentation of the course changes to an electronic presentation system, where the main text is often supplemented with articles and notes that allow you to gain in-depth knowledge.
CT and early childhood education
Today it is safe toto say that information and computer technologies have firmly entered almost all spheres of human life. They also touched upon the upbringing and educational process that takes place in the preschool educational institution. The main goal of introducing computer technologies in preschool education is to create a single information space in such an institution that allows creating links between the administration, teachers, children and their parents.
CT tools are of great help to the caregiver. They allow him to diversify the educational process and improve the quality of his work with the parents of children.
Computer technology in the education system, used in preschool educational institutions, allows the teacher to feel more comfortable in an ever-changing environment. After all, those who master CT techniques are able to create electronic didactic resources, and also acquire the ability to model and plan classes in such a way as to most effectively solve educational problems, as well as increase the motivation and cognitive activity of kids. In addition, computer technologies in preschool education and self-education are things that are inextricably linked. After all, CT helps kids to actively explore the world, without using the help of an adult.
All methods of teaching children in a preschool educational institution can be divided into two groups, namely, according to the source of knowledge, and also according to the principle of cognitive activity. The first of these two directions involves the use of:
- Demonstrations. This method is used to visualize the studied processes, phenomena and objects that are knownpreschoolers.
- Illustrations. When using this method, the teacher shows his pupils the phenomena, processes and objects themselves in drawings or photographs, that is, in their symbolic image.
- Practical methods. They are aimed at developing skills and abilities. Exercises are also included. They allow children to develop speech, attention, memory, cognitive abilities, personal skills and develop skills for their application. An example of the use of new computer technologies in education is the use of the graphic editor Paint. It allows you to create and edit drawings.
The second direction, which involves the use of cognitive activity, involves the use of the following teaching methods:
- Explanatory and illustrative. It involves the presentation of verbal explanations while attracting visibility.
- Problem statement. This method involves the independent work of children.
- Partial-search. When using it, preschoolers solve the assigned tasks together with the teacher.
- Didactic computer games.
Which method will the teacher choose? Everything will depend on the capabilities of children and their psychophysiological, as well as age characteristics. Of the computer technologies in the field of education used in preschool educational institutions, the following can be applied:
- electronic presentations for kids;
- software multimedia;
- electronic encyclopedias;
- didactic computer games.
To create slide shows and presentations, the teacher can use the Microsoft Power Point program. Such a product is effective as a didactic and visual material.
CT and music education
In our country there is a young, but at the same time very dynamically developing field of knowledge. These are musical and computer technologies located at the interface between art and technology. They provide a person with the opportunity to constantly improve in creativity and learn its new facets.
Music and computer technologies in music education are often present in modern preschool educational institutions. They allow to reveal the didactic and pedagogical functions of educational methods to a greater extent and realize their potential.
In general, the most common use of information technology is through the use of multimedia teaching aids. Computer programs help develop an ear for music, listen to works by composers, arrange, improvise and edit instrumental text. Using a PC, you can play melodies with an "orchestra" and conduct their musical and auditory analysis. The computer can also be used as a means of typing the contents of a piece of music.
Does not lag behind the requirements of the time and a modern kindergarten. It also uses a computer to develop a child's artistic taste and develop their creative potential, which willcontribute to the harmonious development of the personality as a whole.
The use of a computer makes educational activities not only modern, but also attractive, while carrying out the individualization of learning. In addition, with the help of a PC, the teacher is able to timely control the work done and summarize the results.
Examples of the use of computer technology in music classes at preschool educational institutions are:
- theatrical games;
- fairy tales-noise makers;
- finger and speech games;
- gathering activities.
Thanks to the use of computer technology, holidays, matinees and entertainment in kindergarten are interesting, colorful and bright. This allows babies to acquire the ability to listen to music and understand it. In addition, they develop memory, attention and a sense of rhythm, they begin to show themselves in the game, in singing, theatrical performances. The use of such tools makes the process of teaching a child the most effective, opening up new horizons for music education for both children and teachers.
CT and schooling
The use of information technology allows you to change the methods and forms of educational work, making them as effective as possible. However, this is not all the advantages of this direction. The use of computer technology in the school can significantly enrich the educational process, making changes to some fundamental skills. For example, in elementary grades, this is the ability to writeand read.
Computer technologies at school are necessary for students to acquire the ability to navigate the multimedia environment and information flows, as well as create hypermedia objects. A modern person needs to be taught to write and read in relation to the new information space.
Today there is a lot of talk about the need to change the content of education and that students need to master the information culture. That is why it is so important to use computer technology in teaching at school.
Use when mastering new PC material:
- ensures the individualization of the learning process;
- helps create a problem situation;
- allows the student to act as a PC user, while gaining access to the necessary information;
- enhances the visibility of educational material through the use of color, volume, drawing transformation, animation, etc.;
- activates students.
Besides this, the teacher always uses the strengths of the PC. The novelty of working with him enhances the motivation of students and arouses their cognitive interest. Also, with the help of a computer, the student implements a personal manner of communication. At the same time, he can use modeling in solving educational problems.
There are different types of computer technology in education. The two main ones suggest:
- direct interaction of the student with the PC (learning without a teacher);
- students work with a PC with the help of a teacher.
Both in bothIn this case, the following functions of the activities of students and the teacher are transferred to the computer and with its help are automated:
- Explaining and showing, fixing activities and creating motivation to study the material.
- Organization of students' work with its subsequent control.
- Transfer to the computer that part of the learning process that is routine.
- Compilation and subsequent presentation of tasks, each of which corresponds to different stages of the process of obtaining knowledge. Moreover, all such exercises take into account the individual characteristics of the student and his level.
The above functions are taken into account in the process of developing various types of computer programs created for education. The main ones are those that:
- focused on learning a new topic in programmed learning mode;
- enable to implement a problematic doctrine;
- designed to consolidate skills and abilities (simulators);
- are illustrative and demonstrative, modeling and analyzing specific situations;
- learn by playing;
- control;
- allow to get certain information (dictionaries, databases, etc.);
- are computational.
The concept of computer technology in education is quite extensive. In addition to the PC, this direction involves the use of other technical means. Such, for example, are multimedia projectors and interactive whiteboards. These tools help improve student learningknowledge when using information visualization. Among the main opportunities for using a PC in education are:
- work with training programs;
- perform various mathematical calculations;
- modeling of certain processes;
- search for the information you need.
Often, in the process of teaching in a modern school, a teacher uses a multimedia projector. It is a technical tool that projects various images from a video signal source onto a large screen. Such a projector allows the teacher to:
- use various computer applications;
- show students video files;
- show presentations;
- use the Internet to submit material.
Multimedia projector significantly increases the level of visibility of the educational process.
Teachers in modern schools also use overhead projectors. They are technical means that project code programs on the screen, created in the standard A4 format. Such a projector is used to demonstrate the dynamics of optical and wave phenomena, as well as chemical reactions.
It is not uncommon to see a slide projector in the classrooms of a modern school. It is also a technical means of computer technology, but at the same time it projects static information onto the screen, accurately conveying all colors. In such devices, for greater clarity of the material, there is an automatic adjustment of the focus of sharpness of the outputimages.
Among the most modern school equipment is an interactive whiteboard. It is a touch screen that is attached to a computer. The image output from the PC is transmitted using a multimedia projector. The operation of the interactive whiteboard is carried out only after installing special software on the computer. Only in this case, the screen will begin to respond to user actions.
Entries on the interactive whiteboard are made using special markers. When they touch the screen surface, a signal is sent to the computer. The software then allows you to perform the required actions.
Among modern computer resources used in the education system are the following:
- Digital libraries. They allow you to organize access to information resources of the Internet. Electronic libraries are cataloged systems that store, process, distribute and analyze the necessary information. Such resources are a new stage in the development of conventional libraries.
- Webinars. Such resources make it possible to receive distance education, which is becoming increasingly popular among our compatriots. The use of these information and computer technologies enables people to study and take part in various conferences without leaving their homes.
- Electronic journals and diaries. Similar systems of computer technologies are a singlean information environment that allows teachers, students and their parents to interact effectively with each other. The emergence of electronic journals and diaries is due to the rapid development of computer technology. Such a system allows you to quickly find out grades and homework, analyze the attendance and academic performance of children, monitor the fulfillment of the pedagogical and educational workload, and view the electronic schedule.
Computer technologies in education and science pedagogy allow students to master the information culture, which is one of the components of the highest manifestation of education. But their use in the learning process should not be confused with the automation of its various aspects, as well as with the simple transfer of information to magnetic media. It is possible to say that new computer technologies have been applied in the learning process only when:
- they comply with the basic principles of pedagogical work, that is, they include preliminary design, have reproducibility, integrity, goal setting and consistency;
- problems are being solved that for one reason or another have not been solved before;
- they serve as a means of preparing information, as well as transmitting it to the student using a computer.
Thus, the competent use of these technologies in the learning process contributes to the development of students' creative and theoretical thinking, and also contributes to the integration of educational activities.
