"A man is born to live in a hostel," says a well-known aphorism. What type of housing is called by this word and what are its distinctive features? Let's find out more about it.
The meaning of the word "dormitory" in the XVIII-XIX centuries
In the old days, the term "hostel" was used in a slightly different sense than it is today.
What is he like? To find out, just look at the meaning of the word "dormitory" in the explanatory dictionary "Forgotten and difficult words of the XVIII-XIX centuries." In this respectable publication, a hostel is called "the ability of an individual to behave in a civilized society." By the way, it is in this sense that this term appears in the novel by Alexander Sergeevich Pushkin "Eugene Onegin".
Modern lexical meaning of the word "dormitory"
In the same dictionary of forgotten and difficult words of past centuries, another interpretation of the term in question is mentioned. So this noun in the old days was often called everyday life, everyday life. It is noteworthy that this interpretation turned out to be more “tenacious” and, with minor adjustments, survived into the 20th century.
So, with the advent of Soviet power in its Constitution, the term "dormitory" acquired the meaning of "norms of social life", as well as "household way of life".
Althoughtoday this interpretation of the word continues to be relevant, the majority of the Russian-speaking population understands something else by this name. Almost every adult and child knows that a hostel is a place for temporary cohabitation of students, workers, business travelers and other persons who do not have permanent housing of their own.
It is noteworthy that in those same XVIII-XIX centuries, such places of temporary residence at educational institutions were called "bursa".
The origin of this noun
This name is originally Russian and has no analogues in other Slavic languages. So in Ukrainian, the word "gurtozhytok" is used to refer to this type of temporary housing, in Belarusian - "internat", in Polish - schronisko, and in Czech - ubytovna.
The noun "dormitory" is formed from a combination of two words: "general" and "live". By the way, it is precisely for this reason that when parsing it into its constituent morphemes, two roots are singled out at once: “general” and “zhi”, interconnected by the interfix “e”.
Synonyms
Having considered the meaning of the word "dormitory" and its origin, it is worth paying attention to the selection of synonyms for it.
The most common analogue for this term is the noun “dormitory”, which has the same root for it. In most cases, this synonym has a somewhat familiar connotation and, as a rule, is not used in official documentation.
As an analogue of the word "dormitory" you can also use the terms "dwelling" or "housing" - however, they cannot always fully replace it.
Depending on which institution a particular hostel belongs to, the words “barracks” (at a school or other military facility) or “skete” (at a church, monastery) are used as analogues for this noun.
If a particular hostel has a bad reputation, then nouns such as "den" or "nativity scene" can be used as synonyms for it.
If the word in question is used in the meaning of everyday life, you can pick up synonyms for it: “everyday life” or “everyday life”.
Horm features
Having studied the meaning of the noun "dormitory", it is worth studying in more detail the features of this type of housing, as well as its types, norms laid down by the current legislation.
The main feature of most of these dwellings is that several people live in one room at once. Moreover, resettlement is most often carried out without taking into account their friendly or family ties (except for family hostels). Therefore, each dormitory resident has only one bed at his disposal and the opportunity to share a bathroom, kitchen, laundry and other common "amenities".
Regardless of the arrangement of rooms in a particular building, each floor or block has a shared bathroom, bathroom and kitchen. In some cases, a game room, a gym,laundry, library.
As a rule, living in a hostel does not yet give the right to housing and its privatization. However, this applies only to the legislation of the Russian Federation. Indeed, according to Ukrainian laws, it is possible to privatize a room in a hostel, although it is very problematic to do so. These bans on the territory of the Russian Federation are due to the fact that each of these buildings belongs to a separate department (university, factory, military unit, etc.) and is not communal property. In this regard, their inhabitants in practice are practically powerless and at any time can be expelled from the occupied area. Because of this sad truth of life, most of the inhabitants of hostels perceive them as a temporary shelter and do not care about their well-being at all. As a result, the average dormitory (pictured below) looks rather deplorable.
Though there are happy exceptions to this sad rule.
Square norms in dormitories in Russia and Ukraine
On the territory of each state where there is such a thing as "hostel", there are certain rules governing living in them.
So, according to the legislation of the Russian Federation, each inhabitant of the hostel should be allocated at least 4.5 m22 of space.
But according to Ukrainian laws, this area is somewhat larger - from 6 m2 per inhabitant of the room, as well as from 5 m2 for Kyiv.
Types of hostels
There are several types of thistype of housing. It all depends on the organization to which it belongs, and on which residents it is designed for:
- Student dormitory is one of the most ancient types of this dwelling, which originates from the Middle Ages. As a rule, such dormitories consist of rooms for 2-4 people (sometimes more), equipped with beds and a desk. Such dormitories are provided to out-of-town students of full-time and part-time forms for the duration of their studies. After graduation or expulsion, the student is automatically discharged from the hostel and has no right to this living space, even in theory.
- Small-family hostel is a room that is assigned to an individual family or a specific resident. Outsiders are not accommodated in it, as is the case in workers' and student hostels. At the same time, such a room is still devoid of individual amenities and is not subject to privatization.
- Working dormitory is a specialized housing for out-of-town personnel of a particular enterprise. Among all types - this is the least comfortable. As a rule, from four to twenty workers live in one room of such a hostel. At the same time, the level of sanitation in such places can sometimes be similar to a hotel (two stars), although this is more the exception than the rule.
According to the type of location of the hostel rooms, they are divided into block and corridor.
There are also hostels for women, men and shared accommodation.
The difference between a hostel and a communal apartment
If from an ordinary apartment or a private housethe hostel is different in that strangers live in it, with whom they have to share a kitchen, bathroom and corridor, then they have much less differences with communal apartments. But they are.
First of all, in a hostel, an individual person owns either one bed or a room. In a communal apartment, several rooms can be assigned to a person or a whole family at once.
One of the main and most important differences is the ability for residents of communal apartments to acquire private ownership of the occupied living space - to privatize it. What can not be done with a room in a hostel, according to the legislation of the Russian Federation (in Ukraine it is possible).
Although the bathroom and kitchen in communal apartments are also shared by several residents at once, as a rule, electricity meters in each "apartment" are their own. Also in communal apartments, burners on the stove, kitchen utensils and pantries are usually separated from each other. While in hostels, separate meters are rarely installed for each room. As for shared kitchens, usually about ten rooms are assigned to one kitchen, and in such a situation it is not possible to separate burners and other accessories.
