We often use words in our speech related to everyday and household topics. This article will consider a lexical topic dedicated to edible plants. Vegetables and fruits in English with translation and pronunciation in Russian will also be presented in this article.
Origin of the word vegetable
Vegetable is a culinary definition meaning the edible part (such as fruits or tubers) of a variety of plants, as well as any solid food of plant origin, excluding fruits, cereals, mushrooms and nuts.
In English, the word vegetable is translated as vegetable. It was first recorded in English in the early 15th century. It came into the language from Old French and was originally applied to all plants; the word is still used in this sense in biological contexts.
It comes from medieval Latin vegetabilis and translates as "grows, prospers". Semantic transformation from Late Latin means "revitalization, acceleration".
The meaning of vegetable as a plant grown for consumption was not known until the 18th century. ATIn 1767, the word was specifically used to refer to all edible plants, herbs, or root vegetables. In 1955, the abbreviation for vegetable was first used as slang: veggie - "vegetarian".
As an adjective, the word vegetable in English is used in a scientific and technological sense with another much broader definition, namely "pertaining to plants" in general (edible or not), that is, an object of plant origin, vegetable kingdom.
Vegetables in English with translation
Let's consider the names of the main vegetables and fruits in English. The list will consist of those products that we use every day. Vegetables and fruits in English with translation and transcription is presented below:
1. White cabbage - cabbage - [ˈkæbədʒ] or white cabbage.
And the translation of its varieties and cooking methods:
- wild - wild cabbage;
- pickled cabbage;
- dried - dehydrated cabbage;
- sauerkraut - liberty cabbage;
- Chinese - celery cabbage;
- shredded - shredded cabbage;
- decorative - ornamental cabbage.
2. Garlic - garlic [ˈɡɑːrlɪk]; fragrant garlic - fragrant garlic.
3. Turnip - turnip [ˈtɝːnəp].
3. Onion - onion [ˈʌnjən].
4. Leek - leek [ˈliːk|].
5. Potatoes - potatoes [pəˈteɪtoʊz].
Stable phrases with the wordpotatoes will be translated as follows:
- boil potatoes- to boil potatoes;
- dig up potatoes - lift potatoes;
- new potatoes - new potatoes.
6. Common carrot - carrot [ˈkærət].
7. Tomato - tomato [təˈmeɪˌtoʊ].
The tomato used to be called the apple of love. This is due to the literal translation from Italian. Vegetables and fruits in English are mostly borrowed.
Translation of the main varieties of fruits in English
Let's move on to the topic of fruit. In English, the word "fruit" is translated as fruit ['fruːt]. At its core, this is not a botanical term, but rather a colloquial and economic term for the name of sweet large fruits.
Here is a list of the most common ones:
- apricot ['eɪprɪkɒt] - apricot;
- banana [bə'nɑːnə] - banana;
- grape [greip] - grapes;
- grapefruit ['greɪpˌfruːt] - grapefruit;
- pear [peə] - pear;
- melon ['mɛlən] - melon;
- lemon ['lɛmən] - lemon;
- mandarine ['mænəˈriːn] - mandarin (a word of Chinese origin);
- plum ['pləm] - plum;
- apple ['æpl] - apple;
- citrus ['sitrəs] - citrus;
- kiwi [ˈkiːwiː] - kiwi;
- fig [ˈfɪɡ] - figs;
- date [date] - date (this word can also be translated as a date);
- mango [ˈmæŋɡoʊ] - mango;
- persimmon [pəˈsɪmən] - persimmon;
- pomegranate [ˈpɒmˌgrænɪt] - pomegranate;
- pineapple ['paɪnˌæpl] - pineapple.
Origin of plant terms
Most of the terms for vegetables and fruits in English are borrowed from other languages. For example, the word "tomato" comes to the European world from the Aztec empire. The name of the plant tomal through the French language tomate got into both English and Russian. In modern Russian, both names are equivalent.
The word potatoes (potatoes) comes from Spanish, but it came to Spanish from the Quechua Indian language during the conquistador conquest of South America. So these two words for nightshade come from the Indian languages of Latin America.
