The science of eloquence appeared in ancient times. To date, the question of what rhetoric is is considered from three sides:
1. This is the science of public speaking, oratory, which has certain rules and patterns of speaking to the public in order to achieve the best effect on the audience.
2. This is the highest degree of skill in public speaking, professional command of the word and high-quality oratory.
3. An academic discipline that studies the basics of public speaking.
The subject of rhetoric is the special rules for constructing and delivering a speech to convince the audience that the speaker is right.
Russia has always had rich rhetorical traditions. Oratory practice already in Ancient Russia was very diverse and stood out for its high level of skill. The 12th century is recognized as the golden age in Ancient Russia for eloquence. The first textbooks in Russia about what rhetoric is appeared in the 17th century. These were The Tale of the Seven Wisdoms and Rhetoric. They outlined the basics of rhetorical teaching: what is rhetoric, who is a rhetor and his duties; how to prepare a speech, as it happens. In the 18th century, a number of textbooks were already being published, among themand the fundamental scientific work "Rhetoric" by Lomonosov.
Today, oratory is closely interconnected with other sciences: philosophy, logic, psychology, pedagogy, linguistics, ethics and aesthetics.
Classification of eloquence
Not every speech is an oratory, even one that was planned in advance. In order for the speech to take place and fulfill the tasks set by the speaker, the following laws of rhetoric must be observed:
1. Conceptual law.
2. The Law of Effective Communication.
3. Speech law.
4. The Law of Communication.
Speech is realized in different forms, such as monologue, dialogue and polylogue. Depending on what goal the speaker has set for himself, it is divided into types:
1. Informative - acquaintance of listeners with certain information, facts, which will make it possible to form an impression about its subject.
2. Persuasive - belief in the correctness of one's position.
3. Arguing - proof of her point of view.
4. Emotional-evaluative - expresses its negative or positive assessment.
5. Motivating - through speech, listeners are encouraged to do something.
Can I become a speaker
?
When the task of speaking to the public arises, in which it is necessary to convince the audience of something, a person begins to think - what is rhetoric? Can you become a good speaker? Opinions on this matter differ. Someone thinks thata talented orator must have a natural gift. Others say that you can become a good speaker if you practice and improve yourself a lot. This dispute has been going on for many years, almost the entire history of oratory.
But in any case, the speaker must know the basics of rhetoric, its not only the most common techniques, but also individual finds, which will help make the speech vivid, and at the same time accessible. How to prepare a public speech, how to present it, how to correctly conclude a speech - these are the questions that first of all arise before a novice master of the word.
