Mysterious planet, our nearest neighbor is Venus. Poems are composed about her, because her name comes from the name of the goddess of love herself! The hottest planet in the solar system has been in the minds of people for thousands of years. However, no matter how much we know about it, there are no less questions about the planet. This celestial body promises a lot of miracles and amazing mysteries.
Often a person is interested in what is the hottest and coldest planet in the solar system. One of them, the one with the highest temperatures, will be discussed below.
Appearance
The hottest planet in the solar system is easily recognizable in the night sky. It is easy to recognize, unlike the yellowish light of stars, the reflected light of Venus is much brighter and has a white color. Like Mercury, this planet does not move very far from the Sun. At elongation, it is only 48 degrees away from the star. Like Mercury, it has evening and morning periods of visibility. In ancient times it was even consideredthat it is visible in the sky different stars. By brightness at night, the hottest planet in the solar system is in 3rd place.
Characteristic and orbit
Venus is located closer to us than other planets - only at a distance of 40 to 259 million km (depending on the progress in orbit). On average, it moves around the Sun at a speed of 35 km / s. It completes the entire journey around the star in 224.7 Earth days, while it rotates around its own axis in 243 days. Considering that the rotation of the planet is opposite to its orbit, the Venusian day lasts 116.8 of our 24-hour intervals. That is, both day and night on this planet last for 58.4 Earth days.
We have already answered the question: "which planet is the hottest?" Now let's turn to the values of the main indicators. The density of Venus is almost equal to that of the earth - it is only 0.815 M. At the same time, its radius is completely close to our planet - 0.949 of the radius of the Earth. It was difficult to measure it, because the planet is hidden behind the clouds. However, this was done thanks to radar.
For the first time to observe the change in the visible phase of the disk appeared in 1610, when Galileo invented the telescope. The phases change similarly to the moon. Lomonosov, observing the passage of Venus across the solar disk, discovered a thin rim around it. Thus the atmosphere was opened. The hottest planet in the solar system also has one of the most powerful atmospheres: its surface pressureequal to 90 atmospheres. The bottom of the Diana canyon boasts a higher figure - up to 119. The high temperature near the surface of the planet is due to the greenhouse effect.
Atmosphere
The planet's atmosphere is capable of transmitting solar radiation. However, not completely, but only in the form of radiation scattered many times. Clouds reflect most of the radiation, and only less than a quarter of it penetrates to the surface. The greenhouse effect is inherent in many planets, but only on Venus the average temperature near the surface is +400 degrees. The maximum known temperature is +480 degrees.
Most of the atmosphere is carbon dioxide. Its share is 96.5%. Another 3% is nitrogen. The remaining half percent consists of inert gases, water, oxygen, hydrogen fluoride and hydrogen chloride. It was previously believed that dense clouds protect the surface from the Sun, so the planet is always dark. However, it has now been proven that its day side is illuminated in much the same way as our planet on a rainy day.
Building
The hottest planet in the solar system has a yellow-green sky. A light haze stretches from the surface and up to 50 kilometers in height. Above, up to 70 km, there are clouds consisting of the smallest drops of sulfuric acid. At this height near the equator, the strongest hurricanes do not stop, the speed of which is 100 km / h. Even winds of 300 km/h have been registered.
Despite the fact that Venus is the closest planet to us, it is not possible to see its surface due to extremelydense clouds. Research has to rely on radar and interplanetary stations. It used to be thought that oceans covered the entire surface.
In 1970, the lander was able to obtain more information about the planet than in all previous years, although it worked for only 23 minutes. It collapsed due to extremely unfavorable conditions. So it was possible to find out the temperature of the planet, the pressure at the surface, to determine the composition of the atmosphere. It turned out that the density of rocks on the surface of the planet is 2.7 g/cm³, which roughly corresponds to bas alts. In addition, it became known that half of the soil is silica, the rest is magnesium oxide and aluminum alum.
No blue rays penetrate the surface, so all photographs taken have an orange tint. Lava flows, talus of stones, rocky desert - all this suggests that tectonic activity does not stop to the present.
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In later years, other stations learned enough to be able to map Venus. I even managed to photograph almost the entire surface. Volcanoes, most of which are active, mountains, craters have been discovered. The planet has two continents, each smaller than Europe. Thanks to detailed information and photographs that convey an accurate picture of this world, no one is left in doubt which planet is the hottest.
Today we know a lot about Venus. The main characteristics of this celestial body are given in this article. ButMost importantly, in the course of the discussion, we managed to answer the most important question. What is the hottest planet in the solar system? However, most likely humanity still has much more to learn, because our galactic neighbor is in no hurry to part with her secrets.
