Posad - what is it? As a rule, the interpretation of the word causes difficulty. This is due to the fact that in modern speech this language unit is used infrequently. Details about the fact that this is a settlement will be described in the article.
Word in dictionary
The following is said about the meaning of "posada".
- Firstly, in the 9th-13th centuries in Russia, a part of the city located outside its walls, where commercial and industrial facilities were located.
- Secondly, this is the name of a village, suburb or suburb.
- Third, it is also a row of houses in the village that form a street or one of its sides.
- Fourthly, this is the name of the wedding ceremony among such Slavic peoples as Russians, Poles, Bulgarians. The latter call him "Buchka".
Further on, the meanings of this word will be discussed in more detail.
Under the protection of the fortress walls
Initially, the posad, which was also called Podil, was a territory inhabited by posad people. It was located outside the princely, church, boyar settlements, which were, for example, the Kremlin, monastery, detinets, central fortification, anddefended by the walls of the latter. And also it was that part of the city to which he grew. There were craft settlements and a marketplace. In a later period, "posad" means an ordinary city that is not a county.
In the literature you can find other names for it. For example, "posad" is both a "suburb" and an obsolete now "suburb". When there were invasions or wars, the fortifications of fortresses and monasteries were used by the population of the suburbs as a refuge. As their territory increased, they themselves began to be surrounded by fortifications. These were ditches, ramparts, wooden or stone walls. Thus, fortified cities began to appear.
Examples of settlements that have turned into fortified cities near the Moscow Kremlin are Kitay-gorod, Zemlyanoy and Bely. "Posad" - this is the name of a special estate of the inhabitants of the town. Later it was transformed into merchants, artisans, workshops, and burghers. In accordance with the Code of Tsar Alexei Mikhailovich of 1649, they were attached to the settlements, like peasants to their arable lands. Initially, they had freedom - they could move to other classes.
Pavlovsky Posad
This is a city in the Moscow region, located at the confluence of the Klyazma and Vokhna, with a population of about sixty-five thousand people. Pavlovo Posad shawls and shawls produced here are admired all over the world. From the time of the founding of the factory until the seventies of the last century, wooden carved forms were used to apply a pattern to the fabric. To create a scarf, you had to make aboutfour hundred overlays.
Then, not wooden, but silk and nylon mesh patterns began to be used. This made it possible to increase the elegance of the pattern, the number of colors and improve the quality of production. The design of scarves developed, starting from standard patterns inherent in the fabrics of the Moscow region and gravitating towards oriental shawls with the so-called Turkish pattern.
Since the seventies of the nineteenth century, there has been a tendency to expand the range with the presence of naturalistic floral motifs. Preference is given to garden flowers, primarily dahlias and roses.
At the end of the 19th - beginning of the 20th century, the style of scarves is finalized. This is a three-dimensional image of flowers collected in bouquets on a red or black background. They are made of woolen dense or translucent fabric. In 1937, the Pavlovsky Posad Manufactory took part in the World Exhibition of Industrial and Artistic Products in Paris. And in 1958 in Brussels, at the World Exhibition, her scarves received a Big Gold Medal.
In conclusion, one more meaning of the word "posad" will be considered.
Wedding custom
It consists of the following. Before the ceremony begins, the bride and her bridesmaids are solemnly seated in the front corner. The Bulgarians place the bride with her friends in the right corner of the hut, which they call "buchka", on the eve of the wedding, on Saturday.
Avars have very similar customs. This is one of the indigenous Caucasian peoples, which historically lives in Nagorno-Dagestan, and is also found in the north of Azerbaijan andin eastern Georgia. In modern Dagestan, it is the most numerous. Another wedding custom "posad" is found among other peoples of the Caucasus.
Russian historian of the XIX century N. I. Kostomarov saw in it a reflection of the ancient custom, when the prince was put on the table when he took office. But there is another version, according to which, the "posada" is based on an ancient religious rite.
