States did not always exist in the world. Initially, people created only small social formations, solely for the sake of organizing common activities. Tribal communities existed before states in the world. They were small cells in which people were united by common interests or kinship. However, small social structures very soon showed their inefficiency in regulating large communities. Therefore, people began to think about creating larger social systems, which became states.
But the key feature of any country is not its size, but its internal governance structure. In most cases, it is called power. This category has changed in its meaning over the centuries. However, over time it has taken on a certain form. Today, the key representatives of state power in any country are official bodies. They have their own structure, powers, employees who directly perform their functions, as well as other features. But if we take into account specifically the Russian Federation, then in our state the official departments are combined into a complex system, which givesopportunity to classify them.
Principle of separation of powers
Before considering domestic government bodies, the classification of which will be presented below, it is necessary to highlight the main features of the principle of division of management spheres. After all, it is a key factor in building departments in any power today. It was first introduced during the New Time period. Its authors were John Locke and Charles Louis de Montesquieu.
According to this theory, power in any state should be divided among three branches, namely: legislative, executive and judicial. That is, this principle was developed in opposition to the sole control of the state. In essence, he is very literate, which led to his popularity. To date, the principle of separation of powers is actively functioning in almost all states. At the same time, it is a key "scheme" according to which the construction of official bodies is carried out.
What are public authorities?
An official agency is a statutory institution that functions to implement certain tasks and functions. As a rule, such structures have powers characteristic only of them, distinguishing them from civil organizations. The previously mentioned principle of separation of powers led to the classification of all state bodies without exception intolegislative, executive and judicial. However, this distinction is not the only one in the Russian Federation.
Features of official bodies
There are a large number of things that characterize Russian state bodies. Classification and characteristics are interrelated categories that need to be considered when studying official departments. To date, scientists identify the following key features of state authorities, namely:
- organizations of this type are formed in the manner directly established by the legislator;
- each state body has its own competence;
- Funding of official departments comes from the budget of the Russian Federation;
- the activities of state bodies are aimed at performing, first of all, state functions;
- Officials work in official departments, whose legal status is characterized by special specifics.
These signs most fully characterize the state bodies, the classification of which is presented in the article. It should be noted that there are different principles for the organization of official departments, which may vary depending on the characteristics of a particular state.
Public authorities: classification
As mentioned earlier, all official departments can be divided into legislative, executive and judicial. This kind of classification is the most general and, in fact, the most competent. However, scientists identify other forms of differentiation. For example,quite often, state bodies, the classification of which is presented in the article, are divided into federal and regional. This can be found in countries where a federal system of territorial structure reigns. If we take into account the Russian Federation, then the most common are the Head of State, the Government, the Parliament and the Supreme Court of the Russian Federation.
There is also another principle, according to which all state bodies are divided among themselves. Classification according to the source of formation implies the moment of creation of the department. According to the existing state of affairs, any department can be chosen by the people or appointed by a higher structure.
Legislative bodies
Of course, all state bodies, the classification and characteristics of which are presented in the article, must be considered based on the provisions of the principle of separation of control. According to it, legislative departments function in each state. They are endowed with the exclusive right to create legislative acts and other normative documents. Parliament is one of them. In each state, it is endowed with its own characteristics. In Russia, the parliament is bicameral, which is again due to the country's federal system.
Executive agencies
State bodies, the classification, the principles of which are fixed in official regulations, havemany kinds. One of them is executive structures. These departments are engaged in the actual implementation of legislative norms and the constitution. In the Russian Federation, the central executive body is the Government. It has an internal structure and regulation.
Judicial system
The basis of any democratic power is the judiciary state bodies. The classification of such structures is carried out depending on their system, which operates in a particular country. As a rule, the courts are "scattered" throughout the entire state, and their work is coordinated by a single, supreme body. In their work, the judiciary is completely independent and autonomous.
Conclusion
So we've looked at government agencies. Classification, principles of organization and activities of such departments were also presented in the article. In conclusion, it should be noted that the problems of official structures are relevant today. After all, the well-being of many countries depends on the quality of work of state bodies.
